At pp. 66, 67, Chap. X of vol. ii. Ulloa makes the earliest recorded reference to the _aurora australis_, as follows: “At half-past ten in the evening, and as we stood about two leagues from the island of _Tierra de Juan Fernandez_, we observed upon the summit of a neighbouring mountain a very brilliant and extraordinary light.... I saw it very distinctly from its inception, and I noticed that it was very small at first, and gradually extended until it looked like a large, lighted torch. This lasted three or four minutes, when the light began to diminish as gradually as it had grown, and finally disappeared.” Incidentally, it may be stated here that the very learned Dr. John Dalton reported having seen the _aurora australis_ in England, and to have besides observed the _aurora borealis_ as far as 45° latitude south (see accounts in _Philosophical Transactions_, _Philosophical Magazine_, _Manchester Transactions_ and _Nicholson’s Journal_), while Humboldt remarks (“Cosmos,” 1849, Vol. I. p. 192, note) that in south polar bands, composed of very delicate clouds, observed by Arago, at Paris, on the 23rd of June, 1844, dark rays shot upward from an arch running east and west, and that he had already made mention of black rays resembling dark smoke, as occurring in brilliant nocturnal northern lights. References to the _aurora australis_ are made by the naturalist John Reinhold Forster, in the article on “Aurora Borealis” of the “Encycl. Britannica.” For Mountaine and Dodson, consult the _Phil. Trans._, Vol. XLVIII. p. 875; Vol. L. p. 329, also Hutton’s abridgments, Vol. XI. p. 149. =A.D. 1738.=--Boze--Böse--(Georg Matthias) (1710–1761), Professor of Philosophy at Wittemburg, publishes his “Oratio inauguralis de electricitate,” which is followed, in 1746, by “Recherches sur la cause et sur la véritable théorie de l’électricité,” and, in 1747, by his completed “Tentamina electrica.” To him is due the introduction in the electrical machine of the prime conductor, in the form of an iron tube or cylinder. The latter was at first supported by a man insulated upon cakes of resin and afterward suspended by silken strings. M. Boze discovered that capillary tubes discharging water by drops give a continuous run when electrified. He also conveyed electricity by a jet of water from one man to another, standing upon cakes of resin, at a distance of six paces, and likewise employed the jet for igniting alcohol as well as other liquids. REFERENCES.--Alglave et Boulard, 1882, p. 22, also Priestley, 1775, upon “Miscellaneous Discoveries,” likewise “Nouv. Biog. Générale” (Hœfer), Vol. VI. p. 772; “La Grande Encycl.,” Vol. VII. p. 454; “Journal des Sçavans,” Vol. LXIII for 1718, p. 485; _Phil. Trans._ for 1745, Vol. XLIII. p. 419, and for 1749, Vol. XLVI. p. 189; also Hutton’s abridgments, Vol. IX. pp. 127, 681; and J. Martyn’s abridgments, Vol. X. part ii. pp. 277, 329.