“Your reason towards the earth carrieth some probabilitie, but I prove that there be no _Attractive_, or drawing propertie in neyther of these two partes, then is the _Attractive_ poynt lost, and falsly called the poynt _Attractive_, as shall be proved. But because there is a certain poynt that the needle alwayes respecteth or sheweth, being voide and without any _Attractive_ propertie: in my judjment this poynt ought rather to bee called the poynt _Respective_.... This poynt _Respective_, is a certayne poynt, which the touched needle doth always _Respect_ or shew....” For the means of determining the _dip or inclination_, see “English Ency.”--Arts and Sciences--Vol. VIII. p. 160. We have thus far learned that the _declination or variation_ was alluded to by Peter Peregrinus (A.D. 1269) in the Leyden MS.; that Norman was the first to determine the _dip or inclination_, and we shall, under the 1776 date, find that Borda determined the third magnetic element called the _intensity_. In 1581 appeared “The newe attractive ... a discours of the variation of the cumpas ... made by W. B(orough).” This was followed, in 1585 and in 1596, by “The newe Attractive ... newly corrected and amended by M. W. B.,” also, in 1614, by “The New Attractive, with the application thereof for finding the true variation of the compass, by W. Burrowes.” Norman is also the author of “The safegarde of Saylers, or Great Rutter ... translated out of Dutch ... by R. Norman,” 1590, 1600, 1640. REFERENCES.--Noad, “Manual of Electricity,” London, 1859, p. 525; Gassendi, at A.D. 1632; Humboldt, “Cosmos,” 1859–1860, Vol. I. p. 179; Vol. II. pp. 281, 335; Vol. V. p. 58; Geo. Hartmann, A.D. 1543–1544; “Nature,” Vol. XIII. p. 523; Walker, “Magnetism,” p. 146, and, for a photo reproduction of the title-page to the 1581 edition as well as a copy of its contents, see G. Hellmann “Neudrucke ...” 1898, No. 10; also Sidney Lee, “Dict. of Nat. Biogr.,” Vol. XLI. p. 114, and William Whiston (1667–1752), “The Longitude and Latitude, discovered by the Inclinatory or Dipping Needle,” London, 1721. =A.D. 1580.=--The celebrated naturalist Li-tchi-tchin, who finished his _Pen-thsao-Kang-Mou_ towards the end of 1580, says: “If the loadstone was not in love with iron it would not attract the latter.” Eight and a half centuries before, about the year A.D. 727, the same allusion had been made by Tchin-Thsang-Khi in his “Natural History” (Klaproth, “Lettre à M. de Humboldt ...” Paris, 1834, p. 20). =A.D. 1580.=--In Parke’s translation of the “History of the Kingdom of China,” written by Juan G. de Mendoza, a Spanish missionary sent to the Chinese Empire by Philip II, appears the following (Vol. II. p. 36): “The Chinos doo gouerne their ships by a compasse deuided into twelue partes and doo vse no sea cardes, but a briefe description of Ruter (Ruttier--Routier--direction book) wherewith they do nauigate or saile.”