It is deemed best to omit the references to Technical papers upon which the summaries of recent tendencies are based. Morgan's Experimental Zoology, 1907. Jennings, Behavior of the Lower Organisms, 1906. Mosquitoes and other insects in connection with the transmission of disease, see Folsom, Entomology, 1906, chapter IX, p. 299. Biological Laboratories: Dean, The Marine Biological Stations of Europe, _Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst._, 1894; Marine Biolog. Station at Naples, _Harper's Mag._, 1901; The _Century_, vol. 10 (Emily Nunn Whitman); Williams, A History of Science, vol. V, chapter V, 1904; _Am. Nat._, vol. 31, 1897; _Pop. Sci. Mo._, vol. 54, 1899; _ibid._, vol. 59, 1901. Woods Hole Station--A Marine University, _Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst._, 1902. INDEX A Abiogenesis, 277 Acquired characters, inheritance of, 314; Weismann on, 398 Agassiz, essay on classification, 137; agreement of embryological stages and the fossil record, 334; fossil fishes, 334; portrait, 334 Aldrovandi, 115 Alternative inheritance, 316 Amphimixis, the source of variations, 396 Anatomical sketches, the earliest, 32; from Vesalius, 31, 33 Anatomical studies, recent tendencies of, 442 Anatomy, of Aristotle, 23; beginnings of, 23; earliest known illustrations, 32; of Galen, 24; of the Middle Ages, 24; comparative, rise of, 141-165; of insects, Dufour, 109; Lyonet, 91; Malpighi, 63; Newport, 100; Réaumur, 96; Roesel, 96; Straus-Dürckheim, 96; Swammerdam, 70, 73-77; minute, progress of, 89-104; of plants, Grew, 56; Malpighi, 66 Ancients, return to the science of, 112 Animal behavior, studies of, 441 Animal kingdom of Cuvier, 133 Aquinas, St. Thomas, on creation, 409 Arcana Naturæ, of Leeuwenhoek, 78 Aristotle, 9-15; books of, 13; errors of, 13; estimate of, 10; extensive knowledge of animals, 12; the founder of natural history, 9; influence of, 15; personal appearance, 13, 14; portrait, 14; position in the development of science, 11 Arrest of inquiry, effect of, 17 Augustine, St., on creation, 409 Authority declared the source of knowledge, 18 B Bacteria, discovery of, 276; disease-producing, 300; and antiseptic surgery, 302; nitrifying, of the soil, 303 Bacteriology, development of, 276 Baer, Von, and the rise of embryology, 195-236; his great classic on development of animals, 214; and germ-layers, 218; makes embryology comparative, 220; and Pander 218; period in embryology, 214-226; portraits, 216, 217; his rank in embryology, 220; his especial service, 217; sketches from his embryological treatise, 221 Balfour, masterly work of, 226; his period in embryology, 226-232; personality, 228; portrait, 227; tragic fate, 228; university career, 227 Bary, H.A. de, 271; portrait, 272