[Illustration: LAPWING _Vanellus vulgaris_ Adult, summer (right). Young (left)] The upper parts are of a beautiful metallic green, the crown of the head and crest being almost black. Quills black, tipped with grey on the three outer pairs; tail feathers white, with a broad subterminal band of black on all save the outer pair; breast black; under tail coverts chestnut; rest of under parts white. In summer the chin and throat are black. In the female the crest is rather shorter and the outline of the extended wing is straighter. Length 12·5 in.; wing 8·75 in. The young bird has buff margins to the feathers of the upper parts. THE TURNSTONE Strepsilas interpres (Linnæus) Breeding in the Far North as well as on some islands in the Baltic, the Turnstone is only a migrant to our shores, spending some weeks with us in autumn and returning again on a flying visit on its way to its breeding-quarters. A small minority spend the whole winter with us, and occasionally birds in full nuptial dress have remained in one locality all through the summer, but its nest has never yet been found in these islands. Although it may be met with along almost any part of the coast, it is most partial to rocky places and spots where shingle banks are found amongst patches of mud. Its food consists of insects and crustacea of all kinds, and its name is derived from the habit of turning over stones for the sake of the insects that are thus exposed. The nest is generally placed on the sea-shore close to high-water mark, little rocky islets just off the shore being very favourite localities. The eggs are four in number and very characteristic of this species, being greenish grey in ground colour, spirally streaked with brown. It is a late breeder, rarely having eggs before the beginning of June. After the nesting season it at once moves southwards, young being met with on our shores by the middle of August. At this time of year it collects in small parties of from twenty to forty, and where not disturbed they are fairly tame and allow their curious method of feeding to be easily observed. This bird is very variable in plumage when adult: the head and neck are variegated with black and white; mantle variegated with chestnut and black. Rump and under parts white. Tail brown; breast and shoulders chiefly black. The female resembles the male, but is slightly larger. Most of the chestnut colouring is lost in winter. The young have the upper parts brown, the feathers edged with white. Under parts white. Collar and a patch on each side of the breast dark brown. Length 9 in.; wing 6 in. THE OYSTER-CATCHER Hæmatopus ostralegus, Linnæus