These are the free-trade importations which are ruining the British
agriculturist. This is the kind of competition which he is called upon
to face, with a heavier load of taxation pressing upon him than is known
in any other country in the world.
We shall probably be told, however, that this enormous supply of cheap
food has enabled the people to extend their consumption of articles of
luxury to a large extent. Let us see how that matter stands. We select
the common luxuries, which are next to necessaries, for
illustration,—and we also add another column, showing the quantities
entered for consumption in 1848. By this our readers will be enabled to
ascertain the increasing rate of demand for these articles.
1845. 1848. 1849.
Coffee, lb., 34,318,095 37,107,279 34,431,074
Tea, 44,183,135 48,735,696 50,024,688
Tobacco and snuff, 26,323,944 27,305,134 27,685,687
Wine, gallons, 6,986,846 6,369,785 6,487,689
It will be observed, that of these articles there is no great additional
consumption. We have excepted sugar from the above list, on account of
the alteration of the duties since 1845. There was, however, less
entered for home consumption in 1849 than in 1848, by 240,067 cwt.
There appears to be nothing else in these tables which calls for special
remark. They establish the fact that, under the operation of free trade,
we have not yet been able to export as large an amount of manufactures
as left this country in the last year of protection; a fact very
suggestive, when we regard the enormous increase of the imports. The
foreigner is supplanting our agricultural industry, without taking in
return an augmented quantity of the produce of our manufacturers.
We cannot, therefore, see that these returns afford us any ground for
congratulation. We can draw no good augury for the future from the
figures which appear on the import side of the account: on the contrary,
they appear to us ominous of calamity and disaster.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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