hand, are continually advertised for sale; the working-man, eager to
secure his bit of real property, gives for them a sum far beyond their
value—a sum which the capitalist or large proprietor will not give; and
in order to make his purchase pay, he either proceeds at once to divide
a comfortable dwelling into two, or raises the rent upon his more needy
tenant. The evil consequences are twofold; the neighbouring landowner,
who ought to have the cottages for his own labourers, who would keep
them in good repair, and let them at moderate rents, has been driven out
of the market; and either a lower class of tenant, continually changing
and being “sold up,” is introduced; or the honest labourer is compelled
to pay to this new landlord of his own class a rent out of all
proportion to the accommodation supplied him.
It is to be hoped that this growing evil (for evil it is) may be met by
the increased liberality of landed proprietors in building good and
sufficient cottages for the labourers on their own estates. In the case
of the humbler artisans, in towns especially, one does not see the
remedy except in the questionable shape of legislative restrictions.
But we have almost forgotten our foreign exile’s travelling
acquaintance, Mr Norris, the hearty and genial English clergyman at
whose invitation he first set himself to study English life. Before
finally taking up his quarters at Lynmere, he has paid the promised
visit to his friend in his parsonage at Kingsford; “a pretty Gothic
_chateau_,” furnished with the taste of a gentleman and a scholar; a
residence whose somewhat luxurious belongings, its ample library, and
the well-chosen prints which grace its walls, when contrasted in the
writer’s mind with the humble abode of the French village _curé_, give
rise to reflections “not wholly to the disadvantage of the latter.” We,
on the other hand, must warn any foreign reader who may draw the
contrast for himself, that Kingsford Parsonage is a very exceptional
case indeed. Mr Norris is discovered, somewhat to his French visitor’s
surprise, clad in “a strange costume of white flannel,” not altogether
sacerdotal; “_Je suis habillé en cricketer_,” is the parson’s
explanation. The fact is, he has just been playing cricket with his
pupils, half-a-dozen young men in preparation for the Universities. The
simple and orderly habits of the household, the breakfast at eight, the
dinner at one, the kindly intercourse between the tutor and his pupils,
and the prosperity of a well-ordered village under an energetic pastor,
are well described, and will give our French neighbours a very fair idea
of such a life. A little, a very little “_triste_,” our visitor finds
it, this English rural life, with its rich green meadows and grey sky,
and slowly-winding river, half hidden by its banks. One needs, he
considers, in order to find happiness in such scenes, a hearty love for
simple nature, and a heart “warmed with the sentiment of duty
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