[6] Gibbon, c. i. and c. xxxii. Agathias states the military establishment in its best days at 675,000, which is much more likely its real amount. Agathias, v. p. 157, Paris edition. [7] Gibbon, vol. vi. c. xxxvi. p. 235. [8] Ibid. vol. iii. c. xviii. p. 87. Edition in twelve volumes. [9] "Arantur Gallicana rura _barbaris bobus_, et juga Germanica captiva præbent colla nostris cultoribus."--_Probi Epist. ad Senatum, in Vopesio._ [10] Michelet, _Histoire de France_, vol. i. p. 104-108. [11] Finlay's _Greece under the Romans_. [12] Tacitus, _Annal._, xii. 43. [13] _De Bello Gild._, v. 64, 65. [14] Gibbon, c. xxix. [15] "Advenio supplex, non ut proculcet Araxen Consul ovans, nostræve premant pharetrata secures Susa, nec ut Rubris aquilas figamus arenis. Hæc nobis, hæc ante dabas.--Nunc pabula tantum Roma precor. Miserere tuæ, Pater Optime, gentis-- Extremam defende famem. * * * * * Tot mihi pro meritis Lybiam Nilumque dedêre Ut _dominam plebem_ bellatoremque senatum Classibus astivis alerent. * * * * * Nunc inhonorus, egens, perfert miserabile pacis Supplicium, nulloque palam circumdatus hoste Obessi discrimen habet. Per singula letum Impendet momenta mihi, dubitandaque pauci Præscribunt alimenta dies."--CLAUD. _De Bello Gild._ [16] Finlay's _Greece under the Romans_, 435, 436. [17] Ibid. 517. [18] Gibbon, c. xxxi. p. 351. [19] Ibid. c. xxxiii. vol. vi. p. 20. [20] _Greece under the Romans_, 456, 467. [21] Josephus, ii. 16. [22] Finlay, 515. [23] Ibid. 406. [24] Sismondi, _Chute de l'Empire Romaine_, i. 36. [25] Novell, 81. [26] Finlay, 246, 247. [27] Finlay, 117. [28] Ammianus Marcellinus, c. xiv. [29] Finlay, 544. Ammianus Marcellinus, c. xix. [30] Sismondi, _Chute de l'Empire Romaine_, i. 50. [31] Gibbon, i. 261, c. vi. [32] Gibbon, c. vi. vol. i. p. 262. [33] Ibid. c. vi. vol. i. p. 268. [34] Ibid. p. 268. [35] Ibid. c. xvii. vol. ii. p. 86. [36] Gibbon, c. xvii. vol. iii. p. 92. [37] Finlay, pp. 49-50. [38] Novell Majorian, tit. iv. p. 34. Gibbon, c. xxxvi. vol. vi. p. 173. [39] Gibbon, c. i. vol. i. p. 30. [40] Ibid. c. i. vol. i. p. 37. [41] Ibid. c. xvii. vol. iii. p. 93. [42] Ibid. c. ii. vol. i. p. 91. [43] Plin. _Hist. Nat._ iii. 5. [44] [Greek: Peri tou mêdein Daneixeisthai.] "De Ære Alieno vitando."--_Plutarch._ [45] Finlay, 90. [46] "Verumque confitentibus latifundia perdidêre Italiam, immo ac provincias."--Plin. _Hist. Nat._ [47] Sismondi, _Chute de l'Empire Romaine_, i. 51. [48] Ammianus Marcellinus, c. xiv. [49] Sismondi, _Chute de l'Empire Romaine_, i. 44. [50] Finlay, 219, 220. [51] It is curious to find Tacitus praising the establishment _of bounties on_ the importation of foreign grain by Tiberius, without a word on the evil effects of the system.--_Annal._ vi. 13. "Quibus _e provinciis et quanto majorum, quam Augustus_ rei frumentariæ copiam advectaret." [52] Finlay, 53.