Malone insists that Queen Elizabeth, too, had no poet-laureate; yet
Spenser is by other writers as confidently preferred to that post, and
Daniel is said to have officially succeeded him. Spenser's "Gloriana"
and "Dearest Dread," though abundantly shrewd and sagacious, and
though somewhat of a scholar and a wit, and sufficiently vain of her
own poor rhymes, had no true perception or appreciation of the art
divine of poesy. The most eminent dramatic genius the world ever saw
was as moderately encouraged as any inferior playhouse droll might
have been. She could laugh at Falstaff and Dame Quickly, and stimulate
that humour in the author: and, to use her sister's words to Heywood,
"our thanks for that." Edmund Spenser, also, was less indebted to her
own taste, or even to her enormous appetite for flattery, than to Sir
Philip Sidney's enlightened friendship, and to his introduction to her
by Sir Walter Raleigh, for such favours as he received. These,
however, were not small; and neither the Fairy Queen herself,
(gigantic fairy!) nor her sage counsellor Cecil, is justly responsible
for the unhappiness of Spenser. His pension of £50 a-year was but a
portion of the emoluments he derived from court interest. That
pension, which he received till his death in 1598, was no doubt an
annuity assigned him as Queen's poet, though the title of laureate is
not given in his patent, nor in that of his two immediate successors,
Daniel and Ben Jonson. So far Malone is accurate.
Daniel's laudatory verse, whether he volunteered it or not, was
acceptable to King James, and rewarded by a palace appointment. He was
Gentleman Extraordinary, and one of the grooms to Queen Anne of
Denmark. He was on terms of social intimacy with Shakspeare, Marlow,
and Chapman, as well as with persons of higher social rank; and he had
the honour to be tutor to the famous Anne Clifford, Countess of
Pembroke, who caused a cenotaph to be erected to his memory at
Beckington, near Frome, in his native county. He died in 1619.
The masques and pageants of his successor, Ben Jonson, prove that he
held no sinecure from either of his royal masters; but in Charles the
First he at least served a prince who could respect genius, and
remember that the labourer is worthy of his hire. Jonson received, "in
consideration of services of wit and pen already done to us and our
father, and which we expect from him," £100 a-year and a tierce of
Spanish canary, his best-beloved Hippocrene, out of the royal cellars
at Whitehall.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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