For 1849 the numbers have not yet been made up; but that they have much exceeded 300,000 is well known, and may be judged of by the following facts. From the official return made up at New York, and published in the _New York Herald_ of October 10, it appears that, up to that date, there had landed, in _that harbour alone_, 238,487 emigrants, of whom _no less than 189,800 were Irish_. If to these is added the emigrants who went to Boston--where 13,000 landed in the same period, and those who have gone to Canada, where above 60,000 landed last year--it is evident that the total emigrants from the United Kingdom this year must have considerably exceeded 300,000; being probably the greatest emigration, from any country in a single year, in the whole annals of the world. It considerably exceeds the annual increment of the population of the United Kingdom, which is about 230,000: so that, under the combined action of free trade and a fettered currency, THE POPULATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, WHICH FOR THREE CENTURIES HAD CONTINUALLY BEEN ADVANCING, HAS FOR THE FIRST TIME DECLINED. The Free-traders may boast of an exploit which all the enemies of England have never been able to effect. This has become so notorious, that it has passed into an ordinary newspaper paragraph; which, without attracting the least attention--though it is the most striking thing that has occurred in English history for five centuries--is now making the round of the public prints. It is in vain to put this dismal fact down to the account of the Irish famine. That occurred in the winter of 1846-7, three years ago, since which period we have had good harvests; notwithstanding which the emigration has, since that, been constantly about 250,000; and this year, in the midst of a fine harvest, has turned 300,000. The _increase of crime_ during the last three years has been equally alarming, and illustrative of the grievous distress which, for that period, has affected the industrial interests of the empire. Having, in the last Number of this magazine, fully discussed this subject, we shall only observe that, during the last three years, the increase of crime in the two islands has been nearly 50 _per cent._ Sir R. Peel, in spring 1846, when the railway mania was at its height, and full employment was given to railway labourers and mechanics in every part of the country, dwelt with peculiar emphasis and complacency on the diminution of commitments which appeared in the preceding year, as the most decisive proof of the beneficial effect of his measures in 1842. We hope he will dwell with equal emphasis on the _increase_ of crime since that time, and draw from it the appropriate conclusion as to the wisdom of his subsequent measures.