One of the order of St Dominick has been immortalised by Titian, in
perhaps the finest work of his hands--St Peter Martyr. Fra Bartolomeo,
in painting this martyr, took the portrait of that extraordinary
fanatic, his friend, Jerome Savonarola, who, too successful in the
destruction of works of art that did not come up to his religious mark,
met with a terrible fate--being strangled, and then burned in the great
square at Florence, in 1498. The face is striking, and indicative of
the impetuosity of a fanatic and religious demagogue. We should be
glad to treat of many of the characters, members of these communities;
but space, and the difficulty of selection, where there is so much of
interest, will not allow us. We therefore pass on to the Jesuits.
This most remarkable order have had little influence on art. They
neglected it as a means of teaching. Their great wealth was lavished
in gorgeous ornament: but few pictures, and they not of the best,
are to be found in their churches. Nor, though they can justly boast
of men of science, classical learning, mathematicians, astronomers,
antiquarians, have they produced one painter. The Jesuits' perspective
is still a standing work; but Father Pozzi can scarcely merit the name
of artist,--"who used his skill less as an artist than a conjuror, to
produce such illusions as make the vulgar stare." The fact is, art
had long declined before the canonisation of their saint. Mrs Jameson
thinks them unfortunate in this; yet it may be doubted if the genius
of their order is not in a degree adverse to art, and would not at all
times have disregarded it. The secret working of their system--the
depositing their influence in every house, in every bosom--their
ubiquity, their universal aim, required neither the particular
circumstances and incidents, nor the localities of art. It was the
insidious "teaching through the ear, and by their books, upon which
they relied for success." Nor can it be said of them that they have
been doomed to a long night of forgetfulness: in this their lack of
sacred art they have not perished--_Carent quia vate sacro_--for they
are indestructible, intangible. They have been nominally suppressed,
but spring up in full vigour at the first call, and everywhere; for
they exist everywhere, known and unknown. And one clause in their
regulations greatly favours them in this, that they are permitted
to assume the dress of the country in which they may be, whenever
they shall deem it expedient. And it has been asserted that they are
at liberty to assume much more than the dress, and that Jesuits are
to be found among the functionaries in Protestant countries, and at
Protestant courts. We have only to see the nature of their vows; and if
we give them credit for zeal and honesty in fulfilling them, certainly
we must be alive to the danger of such a society, whose movements
are secret, and whose conscience is in implicit obedience organised
throughout the body.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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