The method of choice is undoubtedly that used by Bruce Robertson, who has performed a much larger number of transfusions upon infants and children than any other worker in this field of surgery. He has found that the internal saphenous vein near the ankle is a vessel possessing a fairly wide lumen and thick walls even in infants, so that a needle or cannula can be introduced into it with comparative ease and rapidity. The vein must, of course, be freely exposed through an incision, but its situation removes any objection there might otherwise be to this operation. Robertson has usually employed the syringe-cannula method described earlier in the present chapter, but there is no objection to the use of an anticoagulant. The small amount of blood to be given, 15 cc. per pound of body weight, makes the use of the transfusion flask unnecessary. It is better to use a 20 cc. syringe, into which 2 cc. of a 10 per cent. solution of sodium citrate is drawn as a preliminary. The needle in the donor’s vein and the cannula in the infant’s saphena should each be provided with a rubber connexion, which can be clipped, or pinched by an assistant, when the syringe is not attached. The syringe containing the citrate is filled with blood and injected into the infant as often as may be necessary until the total amount decided upon has been given. Robertson has used this method for complete replacement of the circulating blood in treating streptococcal septicæmia following erysipelas, and for shock in children due to burns. The infant’s blood is removed through the anterior fontanelle, while a fresh supply is injected into the saphenous vein. Complete replacement has not, so far as I know, ever been performed upon an adult, but the process is feasible, given a large enough assemblage of donors. In this way some _vieillard_ might attempt the rejuvenation, which at present, as we are told, has only been obtained from the transplantation of “monkey glands” by Viennese professors. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. ADDIS, T.: “The effect of intravenous injections of fresh human serum and of phosphated blood on the coagulation time of the blood in hereditary hæmophilia.” _Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med._, 1916, xiv. 19. 2. AGOTE, L.: “Nuevo procedimiento para la transfusión del sangre.” _Anales del Inst. modelo de clin. med._ Buenos Ayres, Jan. 1915. 3. ALBINI: “Relazione sulla trasfusione diretta di sangue d’agnello.” Naples, 1873. 4. ALEXANDER, W.: “An enquiry into the distribution of the blood groups in patients suffering from malignant disease.” _Brit. Journ. Exp. Path._, 1921, ii. 66. 5. ANDERS, J. M.: “Transfusion of blood in pernicious anæmia.” _Am. Journ. Med. Sci._, 1919, clviii. 659. 6. ARCHIBALD, A.: “The transfusion of blood in the treatment of pernicious anæmia.” _St. Paul Med. Journ._, 1917, xix. 43.