The Smithsonian collection contains a number of different types of veterinary spring lancets. Perhaps this variety can best be illustrated by looking at the two patent models in the collection. The first is an oval-shaped lancet patented in 1849 by Joseph Ives of Bristol, Connecticut.[200] By using a wheel and axle mechanism, Ives had the blade sweep out an eccentric curve. The lancet was set by a detachable key (Figure 23). The second patent lancet was even more singular in appearance, having the shape of a gun. This instrument, patented by Hermann Reinhold and August Schreiber of Davenport, Iowa, in 1880, featured a cocking lever that extended to form a coiled spring in the handle portion of the gun. Also attached to the cocking lever was an extended blade with ratchet catches, so that by pulling on the cocking lever, the blade was brought inside the casing and the spring placed under tension. Pushing upon the trigger then shot the blade into the vein.[201] (Figure 24.) Physical Analysis of Artifacts The Conservation Analytical Laboratory of the Smithsonian Institution analyzed selected bloodletting instruments and one drawing from the Museum's collection. Instruments were chosen on the basis of their unique appearance and as representative examples of the major types of instruments in the collection. Six lancets and cases, two scarificators, and one pen and ink drawing were analyzed. [Illustration: FIGURE 23.--Patent model, J. Ives, 1849. (NMHT 89797 [M-4292]: SI photo 73-4211.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 24.--Patent model, Reinhold and Schreiber, 1880. (NMHT 89797 [M-4327]; SI photo 73-4210.)] X-ray fluorescence analysis, response to a magnet, reaction to nitric acid, and the Vickers pyramid hardness test were among the methods of analysis used that involved no damage to the objects.