Alcohol lamp, late 19th-early 20th century. Glass lamp with glass cap and cotton wick, used in exhausting air from cups. Used by Dr. F. L. Orsinger of Chicago (1852-1925). Donated by Dr. William H. Orsinger 1973. H 100 mm, D 83 mm. Neg. 74-4086 (BW, CW). NMHT 308730.08. Junod's boot, 19th-early 20th century. Copper boot first introduced by Victor-Theodore Junod in the 1830s. The boot fits tightly about the foot and air is exhausted from it by means of a pump. John S. Billings described the boot as "An apparatus for enclosing a limb, and from which air can be exhausted so as to produce the effect of a large cupping glass." (_The National Medical Dictionary._ Philadelphia, 1890 p. 732.) On loan from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. L 280 mm, H 430 mm. Neg. 73-7885 (BW). (Figure 81.) Barber pole, ca. 1890-1900. This small, red, white, and blue striped pole, with a newel post and no globe on the top, was used in Binghamton, New York. The colors are faded into an orange and tan color. Purchased 1974. Pole L 2600 mm, W at widest point 900 mm. NMHT 312616. Barber pole, ca. 1920. A red, white, and blue striped pole full size. It has a silver wooden top. It was used in New Jersey. Pole: L 63 mm, W at widest point 20 mm. Top: L 33 mm. Gift of H. E. Green. NMHT 322,655.01. Footnotes: [A] _Audrey Davis, Department of History of Science, National Museum of History and Technology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Toby Appel, Charles Willson Peale Papers, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560._ [B] "White metal" is the technical term for an undetermined silver colored metal alloy. See discussion of materials at beginning of index. NOTES [1] Julius Gurlt's bibliographical essay on bloodletting, originally published in 1898, is a prime source for tracing in detail the specific contributions of European and Asian authors in the ancient, medieval, and Renaissance periods. See JULIUS GURLT, _Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausuebung_ (Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1964), volume 3, page 556-565. [2] GEORGE F. KNOX, _The Art of Cupping_ (London, 1836), page 30. [3] For a general history of bloodletting, see TOWNSEND W. THORNDIKE, "A History of Bleeding and Leeching," _British Medical and Surgical Journal_, volume 197, number 12 (September 1927), pages 437-477. For a detailed account of ancient bloodletting, see RUDOLPH SIEGEL, "Galen's Concept of Bloodletting in Relation to His Ideas on Pulmonary and Peripheral Blood Flow and Blood Formation" (chapter 19 in volume 1 of _Science, Medicine and Society in the Renaissance_ edited by Allen Debus, New York: Science History Publications, 1973), pages 247-275. [4] ROBERT MONTRAVILLE GREEN, "A Translation of Galen's Temperaments and Venesection" (manuscript, Yale Medical Library, New Haven, Connecticut), page 102. [5] Ibid., page ii-iv.