[158] CASPER WISTAR PENNOCK, "Observations and Experiments on the Efficacy and Modus Operandi of Cupping-Glasses in Preventing and Arresting the Effects of Poisoned Wounds," _The American Journal of Medical Sciences_, volume 2 (1828), pages 9-26. For a discussion of the debate over absorption, see KNOX, op. cit. [note 2], pages 21-24. [159] TIEMANN, op. cit. [note 144], pages 116, 800. [160] VICTOR-THEODORE JUNOD, _A Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Hemospasia_, translated by Mrs. E. Howley Palmer (London, 1879). [161] HEINRICH STERN, _Theory and Practice of Bloodletting_ (New York: Rebman Co., 1915), pages 71-72. [162] AUGUST BIER, _Hyperemia as a Therapeutic Agent_ (Chicago, 1905), page 21. [163] WILLY MEYER and VICTOR SCHMIEDEN, _Bier's Hyperemic Treatment_, 2nd edition (Philadelphia, 1909). [164] HALLER, op. cit. [note 88; see also note 72], page 585. [165] GROSS, op. cit. [note 143], volume 2, page 906. [166] Such a breast pump was illustrated by HEISTER (1719), op. cit. [note 17], plate 14. All glass breast pumps were probably more typical of the eighteenth than the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth century the glass tube was replaced by a flexible tube with a mouthpiece. [167] For example, see THE J. DURBIN SURGICAL SUPPLY CO., _Standard Surgical Instruments_ (Denver, 1929), page 59. [168] Data on the numbers of breast pumps patented was obtained from the files of the U.S. Patent Office in Arlington, Virginia. [169] Patent specifications, U.S. patent 1179129. For other illustrations of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century patents for cupping devices, see HALLER, op. cit. [note 88]. [170] STERN, op. cit. [note 85], page 74. [171] MABELLE S. WELSH, "'Cups for Colds': The Barber, the Surgeon and the Nurse," _The American Journal of Nursing_, volume 19 (1918-19), pages 763-766. See also HALLER, op. cit. [note 88], and J. EPSTEIN, "The Therapeutic Value of Cupping: Its Use and Abuse," _New York Medical Journal_, volume 112 (1920), pages 584-585. [172] THORNDIKE, op. cit. [note 3], page 477. For bibliography on leeching, see BROCKBANK, op. cit. [note 88]; MERAT, "Sangsue," _Dictionnaire des sciences medicales_, volume 49 (1820), pages 520-541; G. CARLET AND EMILE BERTIN, "Sangsue," _Dictionnaire encyclopedique des sciences medicales_, 3rd series, volume 6 (1878), pages 660-681; and the _Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office_, U.S. Army. [173] ALFRED STILLE AND JOHN M. MAISCH, _The National Dispensatory_, 2nd edition (Philadelphia, 1880), page 713; JAMES THACHER, _The American Dispensatory_, 2nd edition (Boston, 1813), page 230; C. LEWIS DIEHL, "Report on the Progress of Pharmacy," _Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association_, volume 25 (1876), page 205. [174] W. H. SCHIEFFELIN & CO., _General Prices Current_ (New York, 1887), page 39.