LADY’S SLIPPER—MOCCASIN-FLOWER English—Lady’s Slipper. Latin—Calceolus D. Mariæ, or Marianus. German—Frauenschuh, or Marienschuh. French—Sabot de la Vierge, or Soulier de Notre Dame. Italian—Pontoffala, or scarpa della Madonna. Algonquin Indian—Mawcahsun, or Makkasin-Flower. North American—Indian Moccasin-Flower. The generic name, _Cypripedium_, comes from the Greek, referring to Κύπρις, a former name of Venus, the Divine Mother of the Romans before Christ, and πόδιον, signifying sock, or slipper. =Glandular= pubescent plants. =Anthers=, 2. =Labellum= shoe-shaped, or conical. =Sepals= and =petals= similar in texture; lower sepals wholly or imperfectly united in all species save _C. arietinum_ R. Brown. =Stem=, 6 inches to 3 feet high. =Flowers=, 1-4 in the Atlantic region and 1-12 in the Pacific region; pendulous, alternating in a bracted raceme. =Pollen= granulose, without caudicle or glands. =Fragrance= heavy, aromatic, or oily save in two exquisitely sweet species, _C. parviflorum_ Salisbury, of the Atlantic region, and _C. Montanum_ Douglas, of the Pacific slope. =Leaves=, 2-several, plicate, light green, somewhat resembling _Hellebore_ foliage, with which plants the _Cypripediums_ were early confused by the ancient herbalists. =Roots= fleshy, fibrous, with spicy, oily, or musk-like odor, used as a nervine. =Seed-capsule= long, three-angled; ovules numerous, minute, resembling saw-dust. Seedlings frequent in many stations. About 50 species for the world. _Continental Range_—Throughout the _conifer_ wooded and bogland regions from Alaska southward to Mexico. May-July. North American species 13 New England species 6 Hoosac Valley species 5 New England species: 1. _C. arietinum_ R. Brown, 1813. 2. _C. reginæ_ Walter, 1788. (_C. spectabile_ Salisbury, 1791.) 3. _C. candidum_ Willdenow, 1805. 4. _C. hirsutum_ Miller, 1768. (_C. pubescens_ Willdenow, 1805.) 5. _C. parviflorum_ Salisbury, 1791. 6. _C. acaule_ Aiton, 1789. [Illustration: =The Fragrant White Moccasin-Flower.= (_Cypripedium Montanum._) This species is a native of the Rocky Mountain region, and is closely related to our eastern Fragrant Yellow Lady’s Slipper (_Cypripedium parviflorum_): these two Cypripediums being the only really fragrant species on the continent.] 1.—CYPRIPEDIUM ARIETINUM R. Brown, 1813 RAM’S-HEAD LADY’S SLIPPER—RAM’S-HEAD MOCCASIN-FLOWER The specific name, _arietinum_, refers to the conical labellum resembling a ram’s head. Small _conifer_ bogland or damp woodland orchid, with fibrous roots. Rare. May 9th-August 1st.