_New England Range_—Maine, not reported; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, frequent. 4.—POGONIA AFFINIS Austin, 1867[77] SMALL WHORLED POGONIA The specific name, _affinis_, comes from the Latin _affinitas_, near alliance, referring to the close relation or affinity this species bears to its sister species, _Pogonia verticillata_. Small moist woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June. =Flowers= 2 or solitary, greenish-yellow, peduncle ⅙-⅓ inch long. =Labellum= crested over the whole face and lobes. =Sepals= and =petals= equal. =Stem= 8-10 inches high. =Leaves= in a whorl of 5 at the summit, smaller than the whorl in _P. verticillata_. Seed-capsule erect, 1 inch long. _Continental Range_—From northern Vermont, southward to Pennsylvania. This orchid has quite recently been collected in Vermont, by Mrs. Henry Holt, near Burlington (1902). Several stations in New Jersey have been destroyed since Mr. Austin first identified it there. _New England Range_—Maine, not reported; New Hampshire, not reported; Vermont, very rare; Massachusetts, very rare; Connecticut, frequent; it should be more common in this State, since _P. verticillata_ is frequent. V Arethusa Linnæus, 1753 BEAUTIFUL ARETHUSA The generic name, _Arethusa_, refers to the dedication of this species to the nymph Arethusa of classical literature. Small scapose orchids with bulbous roots; one of the most beautiful native orchids. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= dilated, recurved, bearded down the face, spreading at the apex. =Sepals= and =petals= similar, arched above, coherent below. =Anther= operculate. =Pollinia= 4; 2 in each anther-sac, powdery, granular. =Scape= 5-10 inches high, glabrous. =Leaves= 1, 4-6 inches long, linear, and hidden. 1-3 =bracts= or scales below. =Seed-capsule= 1 inch long, ellipsoid, 6-ribbed, rarely maturing. _Continental Range_—In sphagnous bogs from Newfoundland, southward to North Carolina; westward to Minnesota. Rare throughout its range, seeking unfathomable cranberry marshes, among bushes of Kalmia and Labrador Tea, in close company with Rose Pogonia and Grass Pinks. A genus, consisting of 3 species for the world. North American species north of Mexico 1 New England species 1 Hoosac Valley species 1 New England species: 1. _A. bulbosa_ Linnæus, 1753. 1.—ARETHUSA BULBOSA Linnæus, 1753 BEAUTIFUL ARETHUSA The specific name, _bulbosa_, refers to the bulbous roots of this orchid. Small scapose, bogland orchid with bulbous roots. May 17th-June 30th.