England’s most genuine concern in Bohemia dates to the first quarter of the seventeenth century, when Elizabeth Stuart had been called to guide the state affairs of the ancient Kingdom. “Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia” occupies a leading place in every index to the _Calendar of State Papers_. Certain school histories would make it appear that it was Austria and Austria alone which combated the Turkish invasion of southeastern Europe. A perusal of the reports which English ambassadors sent home from various posts on the continent, make it clear that the Bohemian State contributed its full share, in men and in treasure toward crushing the Turkish menace. It is well worth recalling in this connection, that the present Hapsburg monarchy really originated as a result of a voluntary union entered into in 1526 between Austria, Bohemia and Hungary. United we stand, divided we fall before the Turkish peril, was the chief argument used to effect the union of these three states. 1302, Nov. 10. Westminster. Safe-conduct, until Easter, for Gotfried, chaplain and envoy of the King of Bohemia and Poland, returning home. Patent Rolls, v. 1301-1307, p. 72. 1302, Nov. 13. Westminster. To Wenceslaus king of Bohemia and Poland. The king has received his letters of credence presented by Godfrey, Wenceslaus’ chaplain, the bearer of the presents, and he understands what the chaplain wished to say to him on Wenceslauses behalf. He has caused the relics of St. Thomas, sometime archbishop of Canterbury, which the chaplain prayed on Wenceslauses behalf might be sent by the king, and also other relics be sent by the chaplain to Wenceslaus whom he prays to receive them and to have and keep in fitting reverence. Close Rolls, v. 1296-1302, p. 611. 1339, Dec. 3. Antwerp. Whereas of late when the king was passing with his army through France certain enemies of the household of the king of Bohemia lying in ambush attacked the king’s clerks, William de Dalton and William de Hugate, parsons of the churches of Southdalton and Northburton, took them and brought them against their will to High Almain, where they detain them in captivity, to the king’s distress, he requests the provost of Beverley, his officers and ministers and all others interested to be favorable and gracious to the prisoners in those matters wherein they have to do with them, not seeking occasion against them in respect of their beneficies or the fruits thereof, and pardoning William de Dalton if during the present impediment he be not ordained to the orders which his benefice requires. Same, v. 1338-40, p. 400. 1346, Sept. Rome. To John, King of Bohemia. Exhorting him to assist certain nuncios in their mission, and to interpose in the interests of peace between the Kings of France and England. Calendar of Papal Registers, v. 7, p. 28.