Struggles between Scottish kings and nobles looking to centralization of royal power. Partisan warfare. The House of Douglas. 1364. Proposal of Union with England rejected by the Scottish Parliament. THE SCOTTISH KINGS 1371–1390. Robert II. The Stuart line of kings founded. Policy of Scotland shaped by Earls Douglas, Mar, March, and Moray. English invasions of Scotland. 1390–1406. Robert III. Beginning of nearly two centuries of royal minority, regencies, and nobles’ power. Decline of kingly authority. Great power of the nobles. 1395. The Lollards in Scotland: forerunners of the Reformation. 1406–1437. James I. His reign a struggle against anarchy. Attempts to Anglicize Scotland. Parliament of Highlanders at Inverness. Several chiefs seized and executed. 1437–1460. James II marries Mary of Gelderland: kills Douglas at Stirling. Earls still powerful. THE RENAISSANCE 1460–1488. James III marries Anne of Denmark. The thistle, the national badge of Scotland. Witchcraft. King imprisoned by the nobles and assassinated. 1465–1536. Hector Boece writes the “History of Scotland.” 1488–1513. James IV. Modern History of Scotland begins. 1494. Grey Friars’ Church in Edinburgh built. Ayala, Spanish envoy and writer on Scotland. Music and poetry cultivated. 1495. University of Aberdeen founded. 1496. Parliament decrees compulsory education. University of St. Andrews. Hepburn founds St. Leonard’s College. 1503. Marriage of James IV with Margaret of England, at Holyrood. First Peace with England since 1332. An era of prosperity. 1505. Royal College of Surgeons founded at Edinburgh. 1507. Printing introduced into Scotland. 1513. Battle of Flodden Field. THE REFORMATION Rise of the burgesses and middle classes. 1513–1542. James V: minority. Angus rules. James escapes to France. 1537. James marries Mary of Guise, and on her decease, Mary of Lorraine. 1540. Lordship of the Isles annexed to the Crown. 1542. Invasion of Scotland by Henry VIII. King and clergy on the Roman, nobles on the Reformed, side. 1542–1587. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. Close relations with France. 1505–1572. John Knox. Destruction of monasteries and abbeys. 1557. Last Protestant martyr burned. 1565. Queen Mary marries Lord Darnley. 1566. Murder of Rizzio in Holyrood.