The term used during the earlier Middle Ages to denote the Scriptures was not _Biblia_, but _Bibliotheca_. According to Maitland, the latter term has its origin with S. Jerome, who, in offering to lend books to his correspondent Florentius, writes: _... et quoniam largiente Domino, multis sacræ bibliothecæ codicibus abundamus_, etc.[50] (And since by the grace of God, we possess a great many codices of the sacred writings.) In nearly every instance in which reference is made to the complete collection of the Scriptures, the term used is _Bibliotheca integra_, or _Bibliotheca tota_. It was evidently the case that for centuries after the acceptance of the Canon, the several divisions or books of which the Bible consists were still frequently considered in the light of separate and independent works, and were transcribed and circulated separately. =S. Columba, the Apostle to Caledonia.=--One of the earliest of the monks of the North of Europe whose life was associated with scholarship and intellectual influence, was S. Columba, the Apostle to Caledonia, whose life covered the term between the years 521 and 597. Columba belongs to the list of Irish saints, although the larger portion of his life’s work was done in Scotland. Before he had reached the age of twenty-five, he had presided over the foundation of no less than twenty-seven monasteries in Ireland, the oldest of which were Darrow and Derry; the latter, having long been the seat of a great Catholic bishopric, became, under its modern name of Londonderry, the bulwark of the Protestant contest against the efforts of the last of the Stuart kings.