The making of maps and charts formed, as was natural in a great centre of commerce, an important feature in the publishing of Venice; while in company with these, there were long lists of works of travel and adventure. Early in the sixteenth century, the production of engravings, on wood and on copper, grew to be a considerable industry. In 1521, a copyright was issued to Castellazzo for certain illustrations for the _Pentateuch_ which he had engraved and for certain others which he had in plan. During the whole of the century, Venice continued to be the chief publishing centre in Europe for Greek literature, and a place of resort for Greek scholars. Its presses also became noted for the printing of books in Hebrew. This latter industry, however, had to encounter no little opposition on the part of the Government, an opposition in the main due to jealousy of the ecclesiastical censors, who dreaded the heresies that might be hidden in the unknown tongue. The dread was, however, one that might be overcome if the inducement were sufficient. The printer Bomberg, who had been refused a renewal of his ten years’ privilege for his Hebrew publications, made fresh application with successive offers of one hundred, one hundred and fifty, and three hundred ducats, all of which were rejected. A fourth offer of five hundred ducats, however, finally secured the desired privilege. Privileges were granted in 1498, and again early in the sixteenth century, for the printing of works in Arabic and in other Oriental languages, but the total number of Arabic books issued appears to have been small. Beginning with the year 1565, there are from time to time examples of publications in Armenian. The list of musical works produced and copyrighted during the century was large and important. =The Inquisition.=--The first instance of trials undertaken in Venice by the Holy Office for offences committed through the printing-press, was in the year 1547. The list is closed in 1730 with the trial of Giovanni Checcazzi. In the sixteenth century there were one hundred and thirty-two cases; in the seventeenth, fifty-five, and in the eighteenth but four. It is not clear whether the diminished activity of the Inquisition during the later years was due to the increasingly hostile attitude taken by the Government of Venice towards the Church of Rome after 1596, or to the fact that the vigour of the Press prosecutions during the last half of the sixteenth century had effectively stamped out the publication in Venice of heretical and immoral publications. The great activity of these prosecutions between 1549 and 1592, was doubtless due to the dread of the Lutheran heresy, and of its propagation throughout Italy by means of the printing-press.