1491. “The Chastening of God’s Children.” Folio. Authorship unknown. 1491. “Ars Moriendi”: That is to say, “The Craft for to die for the Health of Man’s Soul.” A translation, by Caxton, of a Latin tract. The only copy known, either in MS. or in print, is in the Bodleian Library. This is the latest work certainly identified as Caxton’s, and, as he died in 1491, it is very possibly the last undertaking of his busy life. I have classed under the dates specified, the works selected as representative of Caxton’s undertakings. I should explain, however, that the greater number of them were issued without date, and many without imprint of any kind. Mr. Blades has, with painstaking skill, identified the volumes issued from Caxton’s Press during the lifetime of the master, by a careful analysis and classification of the type used. He finds that six different fonts were utilised in all, the first being that secured from the wreck of Mansion’s concern in Bruges and forming the beginning of Caxton’s plant at Westminster, and the others having been added from year to year, according to the requirements and according also to the resources available. Very few of the books had any title-pages, and when the name of the author is mentioned, it must, as a rule, be looked for in the publisher’s or translator’s prologue. In some instances the dates of the printing have been arrived at or approximated by the references made by Caxton in his Prologue, or in a concluding paragraph, to the date when the work of the translation had been completed. In the small number of volumes containing an imprint, the pleasing variety of the form and spelling of such imprint is to be noted. The more usual wording is “Emprynted by me Wyllyam Caxton at Westmynstre,” but from this form there are a number of modifications. In selecting from the list of Caxton’s publications certain titles taken as fairly representative of the general character of his undertakings, I have avoided specifying any re-issues or later editions. As the entire typesetting had to be repeated, the labour and expense of producing a second edition was for the manufacturing items very nearly as great as for the original publication. The illustrations were, however, in the majority of cases, available for the reissue, while the work of translating or of the compilation, collation, and revision of texts needed, of course, to be incurred but once. There was, therefore, a better prospect of satisfactory returns if a second edition could be reached, while the record of such editions serves also as a partial test of the publisher’s judgment in gauging the taste and the interest of his public. Of the ninety-eight works issued by Caxton, three reached, during his lifetime, a third edition, the _Dictes of Philosophers_, the _Parvus Chato_, and the _Horæ_. While of fifteen, including, of course, the above, second editions were called