Below and not far from Ghardaia, in the valley floor, is a very ancient cemetery, or rather a cemetery with a very ancient part. In the old portion the drifting sand has obliterated all traces of graves, which have long since been forgotten by the citizens of the town. In the newer portion, farther from the edge of the oued and on higher ground, the sand gives place to clay. In the older portion of the cemetery may be found a fairly rich flora and rather large plants—a striking contrast to the vegetation of the unprotected area immediately without the wall. Here one finds _Haloxylon articulatum_ and _Henophyton deserti_, both species eagerly eaten by animals, as well as _Deverra scoparia_, _Lithospermum callosum_, _Zilla macroptera_, and _Helianthemum sessiliflorum_; also grasses and other plants which I did not know. Something of the abundance and the large size of the plants is indicated in figs. 29, 31, and 32. In one of the cemeteries situated against the south wall of the valley, but not including the wall, the conditions are somewhat different from those just sketched; the soil is a sandy loam, with rocks of various sizes in abundance, and here may be found a fairly rich flora. In the ancient portion of this cemetery the most numerous species is perhaps _Haloxylon articulatum_, also _Fagonia glutinosa_, _Fagonia bruguieri_, _Cleome arabica_, _Echinopsilon muricatus_, _Helianthemum sessiliflorum_, _Zollikoferia resediflora_, _Salsola_ sp., and others. The plants are relatively abundant and of fairly large size. In a cemetery on the north wall of the valley, reaching from the floor to the plain above, the wall is less precipitous than at other places and there is a small amount of earth. The number of species here is very limited, being confined almost wholly to _Haloxylon articulatum_, which is fairly abundant; but in the upper portion of the cemetery are also found _Peganum harmala_ and _Capparis spinosa_. The cemetery situated wholly on the edge of the plain has an unexpectedly large number of plants, almost all of them _Haloxylon articulatum_, which is of good size. Outside this protected area the species is neither large nor abundant, since it is eagerly sought after by camels, sheep, and goats, and a shoot no sooner appears than it is eaten to the base.