American origin. Whether _Cocos nucifera_ is American or not is still a
disputed point. From the fact that it will float in sea water without
injury to the seed it has been supposed that it was carried great
distances by currents. It is found both wild and cultivated throughout
the tropical world, and its use appears to have been known to the
Asiatics probably four thousand years ago. The curious fact remains that
it is the only palm that, in its wild state, is known both in the Old
and New World, all others being peculiar to one hemisphere or the other.
Perhaps its capacity for floating in the sea without injury may explain
what is otherwise still a good deal of a mystery.
There are many other foods derived from plants, besides all the fruits
and vegetables too numerous to be noted in detail here. One fact of
significance seems to stand out from a study of the uses of plants by
man. There are three distinct regions from which the great bulk of our
food and many other useful plants have apparently come. One is the area
of which Indo-China is approximately the center, and which is the
ancestral home of rice, the banana, tea, sugar cane, and many other
valuable plants. Somewhere in this southeastern corner of Asia there
must have been a highly developed agriculture which rescued these plants
from the wild, and from which they have spread throughout the world. The
second region, somewhere near Mesopotamia, appears to be the cradle of
wheat and a few other useful plants. And the third region is the western
part of America from southern Mexico to northern Chile, where corn,
tobacco, the pineapple, sweet potato, potato, the red pepper, and the
tomato were all discovered with the discovery of this continent.
Alphonse de Candolle, from whose studies much of our information on the
origin of cultivated plants is derived, once prepared a list of our
common vegetables showing their ancient homes, their wild ancestors, and
the length of time during which they have been in cultivation. With some
recent additions and corrections by Dr. Orland E. White of the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, the list is printed below:
The letters indicate the probable length of cultivation.
(_a_) A species cultivated for more than 4,000 years.
(_b_) A species cultivated for more than 2,000 years.
(_c_) A species cultivated for less than 2,000 years.
(_d_) A species cultivated very anciently in America.
(_e_) A species cultivated in America before 1492 without giving
evidence of great antiquity of culture.
(_f_) A species or subspecies of very recent domestication.
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