The only product and export is rubber, the proportions during 1911 being: Upper Purús 4,042,000 kilos Upper Juruá 3,008,000 kilos Upper Acre 3,526,000 kilos One of the most serious questions has been that relating to the ownership of land. The Federal Congress is prepared to solve this problem satisfactorily, by recognizing bona-fide holdings dating from before the Treaty of Petropolis, giving preference to property deeds granted by the State of Amazonas, next to those given by the Republic of Bolivia during its brief occupation, and then to any possession obtained in good faith during the whole interregnum, up to the date of the last law passed. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. For the protection of Brazilian rubber, and in order to facilitate and develop its culture, as well as its final handling, a Federal law was passed on January 5th of the current year. (No. 2513 A.) Its principal measures are especially concerned with Amazon rubber and the country in which it is produced, viz.: the States of Amazonas and Matto-Grosso and the Acre Territory. The scheme embraces the construction of railways and roads, the clearing of rivers, reduction of import duties and of dues on river navigation, the establishing of coal depots, living accommodation for laborers, centres for the production of foodstuff, model cattle farms, prizes to rubber planters and exemption from import duties on all material for rubber working. Besides the Madeira Mamoré Railway, which benefits principally the Madeira River district of Matto-Grosso, and a further branch of the same railway, now in course of construction, and which is intended to open up the Bolivian district of the Beni River, the Brazilian Government will construct another railroad (in the route of which the Commercial Association has suggested some alterations) to commence from Manáos and to work through the region of the Rio Branco, to link up with the English railroad already constructed in British Guiana up to the Brazilian boundary. This railway will open up to the State of Amazonas a huge tract of country admirably suited to agriculture of all kinds, and to colonization by Europeans. The Association Commercial will also propose the construction of a further railroad to communicate by means of branch lines with the various provinces of the Acre Territory, in order to bring the product of that region to the lower Purús River, at a point which will admit of free access to steamers of deep draft to and from Manáos. [Illustration: THE UPPER ACRE SEEN FROM PATAGONIA.] DR. CERQUEIRA PINTO’S PROCESS EXTRA FINE PARÁ This rubber was cured for export in the rubber estate “IRACEMA,” in the Federal Acre, Amazonia, Brazil, by Dr. Cerqueira Pinto’s process of smokeless coagulation. (See The India Rubber World, August 1, 1909, page 396, and copy of the same journal of 1st September, the same year, page 435.)