In no other parts, like here, will the development of Cipo’s palm be found. In 1875, a boundary commission discovered one of these palms =Urumbamba (Calamus procumbeus) or Des Moncus rudentum de Martins=, of more than 20 meters in length, with hardly the thickness of a centimeter. The cotton tree, tobacco, ipecac, there called “poya,” grow spontaneously on the plains and in the forests. The last grows abundantly in the forests of the Upper Jaurú and the neighboring rivers. Maté, the most notable product of the tablelands of the South, and which has made some regions rich, as the State of Paraná, grows here spontaneously between the Rivers Miranda and Apá, without speaking of the seringa, which is found in immense and thick forests in a district that extends from Cuyabá to Madeira and which will be the special subject of this leaflet. The woods for building are very abundant and of a great variety, such as Brazil wood, Jacarandá, Peroba, Canella, Cedro, Jequitibá, Massaran-duba, Arco, Ferro, Setim and Vinhatico. Among the animals are found deer, tapir, panther, and also a large number of small animals usually found in tropical regions. The fowls and birds along the streams and the songsters in the forests are, because of their variety, almost innumerable. The ostrich is found in the region of the pampas and on the margins of the upper Paraguay. There are many varieties of fish in the large and small rivers. In the mineral kingdom, the State of Matto Grosso has numerous mines of gold, silver, platinum, copper, tin, mercury, coal, iron, precious stones, diamonds, etc. There are already four English companies developing gold mines. There is also granite, crystal, malacacheta, limestone, sal-geunna, etc. Finally, in the region of the Araxá, there are sulphur mineral springs. In Matto Grosso are found the largest cattle ranches, not only as to their territorial extent, but also as to the number of horses and cattle, some of them numbering 100,000 head. The number of cattle is calculated to be 2,000,500,000 head. Although the transportation of cattle from Matto Grosso to Rio de Janeiro is difficult, it is generally done by a road running West to Uberaba, where they pass the Winter season of two or three months and being recuperated are sent by railroad to Rio de Janeiro. Hence it is easy to see that with the completion of the Northwestern Railway of Brazil, the problem of transportation to the coast will be solved. Also with the completion of the Madeira-Mamoré Railway the navigable rivers of Matto Grosso, will in short time, be linked with the port of Pará. Before long another railway will extend from S. Luiz de Caceres, the ancient city of Matto Grosso, where the River Guaporé commences to be navigable to Guajará-Mirim, the terminal point of the Madeira-Mamoré Railway. This will solve the problem of the transportation of cattle to the States of Amazonas, Pará, etc.