hides, process of tanning, 48; hides, value of, 48; hunting by Washington Irving, 48; number of robes sent to market, 48; stampede, 49; wallows, 50; wool woven into blankets by Osages, 50; dance, 51; easily domesticated, 51; white cow skin held sacred, 51; calf dangerous, 52; method of forcing to follow horse, 52; as an emblem, 53; followed by wolves, 53; Amerind failure to domesticate, 56; blood for drinking water, 79; seen by Espejo, 116; on upper Missouri, Lewis and Clark, 164 Buildings at railway terminals, 332 Burr, Aaron, 184 Butler, description of northland, 40; quoted, 146 C Cabeza de Vaca, 2; arrives in Mexico, 108; crosses the Sierra Madre, 107; cures the people, 106; duration of his wanderings, 108; route of, 108; starts west, 106; wrecked, 104 Cabrillo coasts north along California, and dies, 119 Cache, definition of, 81 Cactus, blossoms of, 10 Caddo tribe, where classed, 64 Caddoan stock, location of, 63 Caldron Linn, 210, 216 California, Gulf of, 4; aid to railways, 329; location of, 8; missions, names of, number of, and when founded, 122; routes to, 309; settlement, 120; towns of, captured by American ships, 300 Californian stocks, 68 Callville, Rodgers takes steamer to Callville, 317 Campbell, Robert (name also given by some, Richard), 242; awards discovery of Salt Lake to Bridger, 242; from Santa Fé to San Diego, 257; knew the Crossing of the Fathers, 314; meets Wyeth, 273; starts with Sublette for St. Louis, 274 Canadian voyageur, 129, 147 Canyon, Split Mountain, Whirlpool, 294; Desolation, Gray, Labyrinth, Stillwater, 322; Cataract, Grand, Glen, Marble, Narrow, 324; Marble-Grand, 324, 325, 326 Canyons of the Colorado, barrier of, 316, 322; the final problem, 320 Cape Disappointment, 148 Caravans of the Santa Fé Trail, 258, 259; methods of forming camp, 260 Cardenas, goes to Tusayan, 110; first to see the Grand Canyon, 110; time between first sight of the Grand Canyon and Powell's exploration of it, 325 Carretas, Mexican carts, 267 Carson, Alexander, killed Sioux for fun, 58; with W. P. Hunt, 204 Carson, Kit (Christopher), 232, 249, 254; character, 255; fights duel, 288; hunter for Fort Davy Crockett, 255; traps down the Gila and on the Sacramento, 255 Carthage Jail, Joseph Smith murdered there, 305 Cartier, discovers Newfoundland, 128; up the St. Lawrence, 128; to site of Montreal, 130 Carver, Jonathan, 180; tells of the river Oregon, 140 Casa Grande, ruins of, 68; Kino first to see, 120