Hudson Bay Company, or Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay, treats Amerinds well, 82; formed, 136; battles with North-west Company, 240; merged with North-west Company, 240; controls Columbia River, 281; in control of Oregon, 281, 283, 289; buys Wyeth out, 283; opposition to, 290; taxes McLoughlin, 290; its governor of Oregon affairs in 1847, 290 Hudson Bay discovered, 132 Hudson River, 132 Human flesh eaten by Amerinds, 79 Humboldt River, 277; course of, 6; rise of, 6 Hunchback cows of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, 2, 32, 106 Hunt, Wilson Price, 198; to go overland, 198; organises expedition, 203; leaves St. Louis for Astoria, 204; outfit, 204; leaves the Missouri, 206; route from the Missouri, 207; builds boats, 210; has a canoe wrecked, 210; party splits up, 210; caches goods at Caldron Linn, 211; starving, 212; loses a voyageur, 212; crosses Blue Mountains, 213; arrives at the Columbia, 214; arrives at Astoria, 214; goes to Russian America, 215 Hunting buffalo, methods of, 45 I Iberville starts French settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi, 134 Independence, eastern end of Santa Fé Trail, 257 Indian. _See_ Amerind. Inlet of Heceta, 142 Iowa tribe, where classed, 61 Iron Trail, the, best route for, 327 Irrigation, by Amerinds, 70; Rio Grande Valley, 175; Mexican, 267; at Salt Lake, 306 Irving, Washington, a buffalo hunter, 48; kills a buffalo, 49; on Bonneville, 271; travels over the plains, 287 Island Park, 294 Iturbide, 257; proclaims Mexican independence, 228 Ives, Lieutenant, 317 J Jackson, President, reinstates Bonneville, 262, 284 Jackson's Hole, Wyeth's men killed there, 274 James, Dr. Edwin, with Long, 223; climbs Pike's Peak, 224; Peak, first name of Pike's Peak, 225 Jamestown, 132 Jefferson River, 168 Jefferson, Thomas, plans an expedition, 155; proposes sending party to the Pacific overland, 156; instructions to Lewis and Clark, 161 Jesuit Order superseded in California, 122 Johnson, George A., contracts for transporting supplies on Colorado River from the Gulf to Yuma, 315; takes steamer to head of navigation before Lieutenant Ives, 317 Johnston, Colonel Albert Sydney, moves army against the Mormons, 310 Joliet, 132 Jones, Ben, 216 Jonquire plans expedition, 140 José, Juan, the Apache chief, 265 Julesburg, 334 Julien, 1836, name cut on the wall of Labyrinth Canyon and the wall of Cataract Canyon, Colorado River, 296 Juniper tree, 10 K