San Miguel Mission, when founded, 122 San Rafael Mission, when founded, 122 San Roque, Rio de, same as the Columbia, 142 San Xavier del Bac Mission, often called Bac, 124 Santa Aña, General, 228 Santa Barbara Mission, when founded, 122 Santa Clara, Mission, when founded, 122; River, Mormons settle on the, 313 Santa Cruz Mission, when founded, 122 Santa Fé, error of date of founding sometimes given, 116; founded by Oñate, 117; population of, in 1805, 175; routes to, 176; Long crosses trails to, 226; the Patties go there, 246, 248; first waggons to, 272; Walker and Cerré go there, 272; Whitman goes there, 290; captured by Americans, 300 Santa Fé Trail, 257, 309 Santa Inez Mission, when founded, 122 Santa Maria enters New Mexico, 114 Say, T., with Long, 223 Scalp, Thompson's, preserved, 332 Scalped alive, 330 Scalping by white men, 243, 296 Sciatoga tribe, or Tushepaws, 214 Scott, General, sent to Mexico, 300 Secret Town Trestle, 329 Seedskedee, same as Green River and Colorado, 4, 234, 250 Selkirk, Lord, Red River Colony of, 242 Sensitive rose, 10 Sequoia trees, 8 Seton, Alfred, 272 Settlements, in New Mexico, 117; first, in California, 120; first European, in the United States, 130 Seven Cities of Cibola, 108, 109; identified with Zuñi, 113; map showing probable direction of, from Tiguex, 115 Sevier, River, 6; trapping on, 269 Sevier Lake, 6 Sherman, General, 328 Shiam Shaspusia, name given by Crows to Meek, 294 Shinumo group, 67 Shoshokoes, 277 Shoshone, stock, range of, 63, 64; house, 68; Lewis meets some, 168; Falls, 205, 207, 209 Sierra Blanca, 189; _see_ also frontispiece. Sierra Nevada range, 6; Government aid to Pacific railways through, 329 Sign language of the Amerinds, 62 Sihasapa, Dakota sub-tribe, 63 Silver mines in New Mexico, early, 267 Simpson, Captain, location of Tiguex by, 113 Simpson, Sir George, in charge of Hudson Bay Company in Oregon, 252 Siouan stock, how title is formed, 61; range of, 63 Sioux, hostility of, 243 Sitgreaves reconnoitres Arizona, 316 Sitka, 215 Smallpox, ravages of, and other diseases, 97; among the Plains tribes, 99 Smith, Fort, Long arrives there, 227 Smith, George A., Jr., killed by Navajos, 317