Vizcaino, explorations of, 119; enters San Diego harbour, 119 Volunteers, California, march from Salt Lake to Denver over new road laid out by Captain Berthoud, 315 Voyageurs, songs of, 129; character of, 147; seasick, 199; with Hunt, 204 W Waggons, on the Santa Fé Trail, 258; to Wind River and to Green River, 272 Walker, 272, 276-278, 280 Walla Walla, Fort, 281 Wallows of Buffalo, 50 Wapatoo Island, 283 War party, return of an Amerind, 100 War Road, The, 100, 185 Wasatch Mountains, 5; eastern limit of ancient sea, 6; Escalante crosses them, 124 Watermelons preserved all winter, 81 Weaving by Amerinds, 93 _Western Engineer, The_, Long's steamboat, 222 West port, starting point of Santa Fé Trail, 309 Wet Mountain Valley, Pike goes through it, 188 Whipple, exploration of, 316 Whirlpool Canyon, 294 Whiskey, forced on natives, 286; still, at Fort Union, 286; prohibited by the Government, 286; trade, dishonour of, 287 White bears (grizzlies), 53, 164; Dawson killed by, 235; one of Pattie's men killed by, 247; number counted in one day by Pattie, 247 White blood, infusion of, in Amerind tribes, 72 White buffalo, skin sacred, 51 White Mountains, 189 Whitman, Dr. Marcus, 287-289, 290, 308 Wichita tribe, where classed, 64 Wickiup, 68 Wilderness, area, 1; rivers, 4, 327; first European settlements in the, 5; climate and character, 10, 230; relief map, 24; great elevation of, 230; crimes in, 232; resources of, in the opinion of Pike, of Long, of Frémont, 304; final great problem, 320; broken, 324 Wilkinson, General, 164; Lieutenant, 184 Willamet, 170 Willow Island, 332 Wind River, 207; Mountains, highest peak climbed by Frémont, 300 Wolf, mad, 275 Wolfskill, William, opens route to California, 270; at Los Angeles, 270; trail, 309; referred to, 322 Women, first European, to cross the plains, 258 Wonsits Valley, 294, 322 Wood buffalo, 38 Wyeth, Nathaniel J., goes to the Wilderness, 273; first continuous trip across the continent, 275; builds Fort Hall, 283; sells out to Hudson Bay Company, 283; reports whiskey still of Fort Union, 286 X Xavier del Bac, San, mission, 124 Y Yaqui River, Mexico, Cabeza de Vaca reaches it, 107 Yellowstone, 8, 164; geysers and Great Falls, 8; Verendrye passes, 139; named before Lewis and Clark's time, 196; Ashley descends with furs, 242 _Yellowstone_, steamboat, 285 Yosemite Valley, 8; first whites there, 280