[259] The French employ the term "contre-amiral" and the Dutch the curious locution "Schout-bij nacht," i.e. "Bailiff by night." The offices of Lord High Admiral, Admiral, and Vice-Admiral were adopted by England from the French. [260] _Pepys MS._ and _Rawlinson MS._ C, 846. [261] Edited by Sir Julian Corbett and published by the Navy Records Society in 1902 (_Miscellany_, vol. I) with facsimiles of the diagrams. [262] Pipe Off. Dec. Acc. 2232. [263] Corbett, _op. cit._ Descriptions of flags are very rarely given in the accounts; usually only the size and price appear. [264] These flags would be about 6 yards long by 5 yards deep. [265] _S. P. D. Chas I_, V, 31. [266] A ship not bearing an admiral's flag was called a "private ship"; but before 1650 the term "private man-of-war" almost invariably denotes a merchant ship having letters of marque, afterwards called a "privateer." [267] Cf. _Boteler Dialogue_, 5: "The use of them is in Fleets to distinguish the Squadrons, by hanging of them out in the Tops; as all those Ships of the Admirals Squadron hang them out in the Main-top; those of the Vice Admirals in the Fore-top; and those of the Rere Admirals in the Missen-top; and here also they are of different Colours." See also Monson, Book III. [268] _A Relation Touching the Fleet and Army of the King's most excellent majesty King Charles, set forth in the first year of his highness's reign, and touching the order, proceedings and actions of the same fleet and army_, by Sir John Glanville, secretary to the Council of War (_Camden Soc._ N. S. vol. XXXII, p. 83). [269] _Op. cit._ "The Rere Admirals place with the white flagg to be borne in the mayne topp was assigned ... to my Lord Denbigh." [270] Corbett, _Fighting Instructions_, 1530-1816 (N. R. S.), p. 49. [271] _S. P. D. Inter._ XXXII, 39. [272] _Rawlinson MS._ A 227. Cf. also the Instructions of Goodson to Penn 21st June, 1655. "You shall wear the jack-flag upon the maintopmasthead" (_Memorials of Penn_, II, 116). [273] Strictly speaking, the "chief" embraced the whole of the hoist. In the ensigns the cross occupied only the upper part of it, being placed in a white canton in the red and blue ensigns. See Plate IX, figs. 10, 11, and 12. [274] _Pepys MS._ Miscellanea, IX. Pepys proposed also to restrict the number of admirals' flags flown, according to the number of ships in a fleet. [275] _Admiralty_ 2/5. [276] _Admiralty_ 2/11. [277] _Admiralty_ 2/182. [278] See p. 80. [279] The rank of Admiral of the Red was not created until Nov. 1805. The Admiral of the Red Squadron was either the Lord High Admiral, flying the anchor flag, or the Admiral of the Fleet, flying the Union. [280] See Plate VIII, fig. 4. [281] _Admiralty_ 2/182. [282] See Plate X, fig. 6. [283] A broad green pendant was used by Doria at Lepanto (see p. 112), and Drake was noted by the Spaniards for the inordinate size of the pendant he displayed. [284] _Catalogue of Pepysian MSS._ (N. R. S.), II, 400.