[66] Probably Combwich, _vide_ Major, _Early Wars of Wessex_, 1913. [67] Under the Devon earldorman Odda, Alfred being then in hiding at Athelney. [68] "Vexillum quod Reafun nominant." Cf. the _A. S. Chronicle_, "þær wæs se guðfana genumen þe hie Hraefn." [69] Asser, _Life of King Alfred_. [70] _Emmae Reginae Anglorum Encomium_, lib. II. [71] Plate II, fig. 10. [72] Plate II, fig. 11. [73] Anlaf seems to have lived alternately in Ireland, Scotland, and Northumbria, and to have been King of Dublin in 945. On his final expulsion from Northumbria in 952 he returned to Ireland, and after the battle of Tara in 980 became a monk at Iona. See Todd, _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_ (Rolls Series). [74] William of Malmesbury, _De Gestis Regum Anglorum_: "Vexillum Mauricii beatissimi martyris Thebae legionis principis, quo idem rex in bello Hispano quamlibet infestos et confertos inimicorum cuneos derumpere et in fugam solitus erat cogere." [75] Henry of Huntingdon, _Historia Anglorum_: "Cum enim Dacos solito acrius pugnare videret (Edmund) loco regio relicto, quod erat ex more inter draconem et insigne quod vocatur 'Standard,' cucurrit terribilis in aciem primam." [76] Plate I, fig. 2; see p. 16. [77] _Gesta Regum Anglorum_: "Rex ipse pedes juxta vexillum stabat cum fratribus ... vexillum illud post victoriam papae misit Willelmus, quod erat in hominis pugnantis figura, auro et lapidibus arte sumptuosa intextum." [78] There is a smaller figure of a man in the act of striking with a club on the downs near Cerne Abbas in Dorset. Possibly both these figures are pre-Saxon. The horse, a favourite subject for treatment in this manner, is almost certainly pre-Saxon; yet it was adopted by the Saxons of Kent. [79] Roger de Hoveden, _Chronica_ "cum ... rex Angliae fixisset signum suum in medio, et tradisset draconem suum Petro de Pratellis ad portandum contra calumniam Roberti Trussebut, qui illum portare calumniatus fuit de jure praedecessorem suorum." [80] See p. 37. [81] Dart, _Westmonasterium_, 1742. [82] See especially Elliot Smith, _The Evolution of the Dragon_, 1919. [83] In this same battle the Scots were led under the Dragon standard. See p. 49. [84] _Liber quotidianus Contrarotulationis Garderobae_ 29 Edward I. This was printed by the Society of Antiquaries in 1787. [85] _Rites of Durham_ (Surtees Society), 1903. [86] Plate I, fig. 7. [87] Plate I, fig. 6. [88] Plate I, fig. 12. [89] It is usually taken as 303 but the Rev. Baring Gould in his _Lives of the Saints_ shows good reason for believing the actual date to be 285. [90] _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_, chap. XXIII. [91] Baring Gould, _Curious Myths_, 1872. [92] _Exchequer Accounts_, 349/2. [93] Bail, _Summa Conciliorum_. [94] Wilkins, _Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae_. [95] _Ibid._ [96] Keyser, _Norman Tympana and Lintels_, 1904; _Sussex Archeological Collections_, xliv.