[183] See Plate VI, fig. 6. The quarterly form was best adapted to admit of this surcharge, as the harp was to occupy the centre of the Union flag. [184] _S. P. D. Inter._ CXCV, 162. Presumably "ye former fashion" refers to the pre-Commonwealth flags still in store, as the Parliament jack and flag would not lend itself to conversion into the new form. [185] Nominally in joint commission with Monk as General at Sea. [186] _S. P. D. Inter._ CCIII, 69. This standard was the same as that in use from 1649 to 1658. [187] _Ibid._ CCI, 15. [188] _Diary_, 13th May, 1660. [189] I.e. covering over the escutcheons containing the cross and harp. [190] _Memoirs of the English Affairs, chiefly Naval_..., 1729. [191] B. M. 1851, C, 8 (129). [192] Adm. Lib. _D'Eon MS._ p. 367. [193] Not a difficult matter, to judge from some of the "union flags" flown by foreign men-of-war at the Naval Review at Spithead in 1911. [194] Mayo, _The Trinity House of London_, 1905, p. 44. [195] _Pepys MSS._ Miscellanea, ix. [196] _Ibid._ [197] The name "Budgee," in flag-books of the early eighteenth century, is derived from Bugia (Bougie) in Algeria. In the tenth century this was one of the most important seaports in North Africa, but in the seventeenth century it was fast falling into decay, and beyond the fact that the Algerine pirates lying there were successfully attacked by Sir Edward Spragge in 1673 there was nothing to connect the name with the English navy. [198] George St Lo. [199] By the Proclamation of 1694. "All such ships as shall have Commissions of Letters of Mart or Reprisals shall, besides the colours which may be worn by Merchants' ships, wear a Red Jack, with the Union Jack described in a Canton of the upper corner thereof next the staff." It retained this use until privateering was abolished in 1856. [200] 17 July, 1694. B. M. 21 _h_, 3 (157). [201] 18 Dec. 1702. _London Gazette_, 3872. [202] See Plate V, fig. 6, and page 127. [203] 21st July, 1707, _Adm. Sec. In. Lrs._ 5151. The illustration in Plate IV, fig. 1, is a reduced facsimile of the Union flag as therein depicted. It will be seen that the St George's cross has a comparatively wide white border, and that the blue was of a lighter colour than that which afterwards became customary. [204] Proclamation 28th July, 1707, _London Gazette_, 4356. [205] _London Gazette_, No. 15324. [206] I.e. the second colour named: argent, or white. [207] I.e. gules, or red. [208] See the flag in Plate IV, fig. 2, which is a reproduction of the original drawing preserved in the Privy Council Register. [209] See Plate V, fig. 8. [210] For discussion of the question how this came to represent Ireland see Chapter II. [211] The Union flag flown by the War Office on ceremonial days is, however, of naval pattern. [212] Probably because after the seventeenth century the Union flag was rarely seen at sea in any other position.