British Flags: Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National DevicePerrin, William Gordon
History
British Flags: Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National Device
Perrin, William Gordon
Flags -- Great Britain
We have no further evidence as to the method of bearing admirals'
flags in the English fleet until we come to the "Book of Orders for the
War by Sea and Land[255]," drawn up by Thos. Audley _c._ 1530 at the
request of Henry VIII. Here provision is made for only one admiral,
who is to bear two flags; one at the main and the other at the fore,
while all the other ships are to bear one at the mizen. The orders
drawn up by Lisle fifteen years later provide for a fleet divided into
three squadrons, and in this case also each admiral had two flags,
but here the two flags were necessary to distinguish the flagships,
as the private ships had each one flag, at the fore, main, or mizen
respectively, to denote the squadrons to which they belonged.
5. Item the lord Admiral shall beare one banner of the Kings
mai^{ts} Armes in his mayne topp and one flag of saint George
crosse in his fore topp, and every shipp appoynted to the battaill,
shall beare one flag of saint Georges crosse in his mayne toppe.
6. Item thadmirall of the vanwarde ys appoynted to beare too flaggs
of saint George crosse, thone in his mayne topp and thother in his
fore topp. And every shipp appoynted to the vanwarde shall weare
one flag of sainte Georges crosse in his fore toppe.
7. Item thadmirall of the wyng shall beare a flag of saint Georg
crosse in either[256] of his mesyn toppes, and every Shipp
Galliasse pynnesse and Shalupe appoynted to the wyng shall have in
ther mesyn toppe one flag of saint George crosse[257].
The relative dignity of the mastheads, main, fore and mizen, is
seen underlying this arrangement, for the Lord Admiral places his
standard at the main masthead and his St George, as next in rank,
at the masthead next in importance; the second admiral occupies the
two foremost mastheads with his flags and the third admiral the two
aftermost, each being, of course, in a four-masted ship.
It will be observed that there is as yet no mention of "Vice" or "Rear"
Admiral, but the term Vice-Admiral, which is much the older of the two,
was in use in the English fleet in 1547 and in the French fleet at
least as early as 1338. The term Rear-Admiral is more modern. This is
pointed out by Monson[258], but indeed sufficient proof is to be seen
in the fact that the term is not used in either the French or Dutch
navies[259].
The Instructions drawn up in March, 1558, by Wm Wynter, Admiral of a
fleet of ships about to go to Portsmouth, contain "an order for beringe
of the flagge":
Item that every Shippe of Warre do set up a flage of St. George
uppon her Bonaventure myson, excepte Mr. Broke, Captaine of the
reed Gallie, who is apointed to ware the flagge of vize Admyrall
for this present Jorney: And the Victuellers, Hoyes and others
for to ware there flagge bytwyne the myzon and the aftermost
shrowde[260].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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