British Flags: Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National DevicePerrin, William Gordon
History
British Flags: Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National Device
Perrin, William Gordon
Flags -- Great Britain
Richerde Waters of London Upholster for iiij^{er} large fflagges
or Ensignes made of fine Bewpers conteyning in each of them
xx*iiij v (85) yards of the same stuffe being each of them of
severall Cullers viz One white, one Orengtawnie, one Blew and the
iiij^{th} Crimson Colo^r which were appointed to be so made for the
distinguishing of the iiij^{er} squadrons of the flete ffor the
service then intended, finding at his owne chardges all manner of
stuffe & workmanshippe. xvi^{li} viiij^s viij^d[262].
Apart from the fact that "the unusual particularity of the item
suggests that it was thought to require some justification, which would
be natural if the flags referred to had never been used[263]," it may
be pointed out that ten squadronal flags were needed, while this item
only refers to four. There is, moreover, another entry in the same
account which gives the sizes and prices of the "Ensignes & fflagges"
provided for the expedition, at a total cost of £371. 8_s._ 4_d._
Descriptions of these flags are unfortunately not given, but it is a
significant fact that of the largest size, sixteen breadths[264], ten
were supplied.
The reason for the abandonment of the original intention to use
plain-coloured flags for the squadrons of the 1596 expedition is not
known, but when, in 1625, another expedition was sent out against Cadiz
the fleet was divided into three squadrons, each under three admirals,
with red, blue, and white flags respectively.
This expedition set sail in October, 1625, but four months earlier a
much smaller fleet, also divided into three squadrons, had been sent
to conduct the Queen from Boulogne to England. The difference in the
Admirals' flags worn on these two occasions is significant, for it
shows that there was no established practice applicable to large fleets.
The Instructions[265] issued by Buckingham in June for the Boulogne
fleet provide that the Admiral shall wear the Union flag at the main,
and each ship of his squadron a pendant at the main masthead. The
Vice- and Rear-Admirals are to have the Union at the fore and mizen
respectively, and the private ships[266] of their squadrons pendants at
those mastheads.
But when the larger fleet was set forth in October each of its three
squadrons had three flag officers. The instructions issued by the
Commander-in-Chief, Sir Edward Cecil (afterwards Lord Wimbledon) on 3rd
October, contained the following provision:
17. The whole fleet is to be divided into three squadrons: the
admiral's squadron is to wear red flags and red pendants on the
main topmasthead; the vice-admiral's squadron to wear blue flags
and blue pendants on the fore topmasthead; the rear admiral's
squadron to wear white flags and white pendants on the mizen
topmast heads.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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