British Manufacturing Industries: Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork.Arnoux, Léon
History
British Manufacturing Industries: Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork.
Arnoux, Léon
Manufacturing industries -- Great Britain
It is always satisfactory to an author, to feel that his articles have
been of some use to those whom he hoped to benefit. Since this article
was written a letter appeared in one of the architectural journals,
complaining that the glass furnished by manufacturers to glass
painters was of inferior composition to that which was used by the
manufacturers of ancient stained glass windows. In fact, it was
asserted that modern glass was not made with due care, and that to
this was owing the unfortunate disappearance of some of the painting
and tracing of modern stained glass windows; but that this is not the
case, is manifest to all who understand the manufacture of glass. The
real reason why the colouring matter with which glass painters outline
and shade their designs, has in many instances gradually come off from
the surface of the glass, is, because the fluxes used for making it
adhere to the glass are of such a composition, that they themselves
have by the action of time become disintegrated.
Some time ago, a person engaged in the manufacture of the enamel
plates used for railway lamps, on which are written the names of the
stations, called upon me, and told me, that the enamel which he
employed had become dark, spotty, and in many cases had peeled off
from the glass. The reason of this is identical with that which occurs
in stained glass windows, viz. that the fluxes that he used were not
suitable for the purpose, considering that they had to withstand the
action of the weather. From an analysis made of these fluxes (not of
those last alluded to, but of those which have been employed in
stained glass windows), it appears that large quantities of borax have
been introduced; and, wherever this is the case, no reliance whatever
can be placed on the permanency of pictures painted with such fluxes.
I have appended a few receipts for fluxes, which can be used with
safety by any glass painter who will take the trouble to try them. But
I must strongly advise that all those who are connected with the
making of fluxes in any glass painting establishment, should master
sufficient chemical knowledge to enable them to ascertain the
behaviour of the materials, with respect to one another, as well as of
the nature of the glass upon which they are employed; for very much
indeed depends upon a correct knowledge of the character of the glass
as to whether it be hard or soft, what it contains, and of the
temperature at which the glass becomes sufficiently soft to form a
firm and enduring union with the colours fluxed upon it.
RECEIPTS FOR FLUXES.
1.
Flint glass (powdered) 10 parts. } moderately
White Arsenic 1 " } hard.
Nitre 1 " }
2.
Red Lead 1 " } soft.
Flint glass (powdered) 3 " }
3.
Flint glass 6 "
Red Lead 8 "
(Mixed with four parts of the first flux, soft.)
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