SYNONYMES.--Grosse Pomme Noire d’Amerique, _Cal. Traité_. iii. 44. Violette de Quatres Goûts, _Cours. Comp. d’Agric._ xii. 220. Violet Apple, _West. Bot._ iv. 39. Red Calville, of some, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ but erroneously. Black Apple, _acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal._ FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xx. f. 2. Fruit, above medium size; roundish-ovate, or conical, even and regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, covered with a fine violet-colored bloom, and yellow, striped with red, on the shaded side; but of a dark red, approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tinged with red under the skin, which is filled with red juice, leaving a stain on the knife with which it is cut; firm, juicy, and sugary, with a vinous and pleasant flavor. A culinary apple of good, but not first-rate quality; in use from October to March. Duhamel, and following him, almost all the French writers on pomology, attribute the name of this apple to the perfume of violets being found in the flavor of the fruit; a peculiarity I could never detect. It is more probable it originated from the fruit being covered with a beautiful blue violet bloom, a characteristic which was observed by Rivinius and Moulin, a hundred and fifty years ago. 371. WADHURST PIPPIN.--Hort. IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. Fruit, above medium size, sometimes very large, but generally averaging three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; conical, or pearmain-shaped, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; and more or less mottled with brownish-red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute grey dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, stout, placed in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and briskly flavored. A culinary apple of excellent quality; in use from October to February. It originated at Wadhurst in Sussex. 372. WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING.--Hort. IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 853. Lind. Guide, 24. Fruit, large; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, assuming a deeper tinge as it attains maturity, with a faint blush of red where exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored, and when cooked assumes a clear pale amber. A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from September to Christmas. This apple was raised about the year 1810, by Mr. John Barnard, of Waltham Abbey, in Essex, and was introduced by him at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society, in 1821. 373. WANSTALL.--H. SYNONYME.--Green-street Apple.