There is another form of edematous tracheobronchitis often of great severity and grave prognosis, that results from the aspiration of irritating liquids or vapors, or of certain organic substances such as peanut kernels, watermelon seeds, etcetera. Tracheotomy should be done if marked dyspnea be present. Secretions can then be easily removed and medication in the form of oily solutions be instilled at will into the trachea. In the Bronchoscopic Clinic many children have been kept alive for days, and their lives finally saved by aspiration of thick, tough, sometimes clotted and crusted secretions, with the aspirating tube (Fig. 10). It is better in these cases not to pass the bronchoscope repeatedly. If, however, evidences of obstruction remain, after aspiration, it is necessary to see the nature of the obstruction and relieve it by removal, dilatation, or bronchial intubation as the case may require. It is all a matter of "plumbing" i.e., clearing out the "pipes," and maintaining a patulous airway. _Tracheobronchial Diphtheria_.--Urgent dyspnea in diphtheria when no membrane and but slight lessening of the laryngeal airway is seen, calls for bronchoscopy. Many lives have been saved by the bronchoscopic removal of membrane obstructing the trachea or bronchi. In the early stages, pulpy masses looking like "mother" of vinegar are very obstructive. Later casts of membrane may simulate foreign bodies. The local application of diphtheria antitoxin to the trachea and bronchi has also been recommended. A preparation free from a chemical irritant should be selected. _Abscess of the Lung_.--If of foreign-body origin, pulmonary abscess almost invariably heals after the removal of the object and a regime of fresh air and rest, without local measures of any kind. Acute pulmonary abscess from other causes may require bronchoscopic drainage and gentle dilatation of the swollen and narrowed bronchi leading to it. Some of these bronchi are practically fistulae. Obstructive granulations should be removed with crushing, not biting forceps. The regular foreign-body forceps are best for this purpose. Caution should be used as to removal of the granulations with which the abscess "cavity" is filled in chronic cases. The term "abscess" is usually loosely applied to the condition of drowned lung in which the pus has accumulated in natural passages, and in which there is neither a new wall nor a breaking down of normal walls. Chronic lung-abscess is often successfully treated by weekly bronchoscopic lavage with 20 cc. or more of a warm, normal salt solution, a 1:1000 watery potassium permanganate solution, or a weak iodine solution as in the following formula: Rx. Monochlorphenol (Merck) .12 Lugol's solution 8.00 Normal salt solution 500.