[304] _Tuberculosis_.--In the non-cicatricial forms, galvanocaustic puncture applied through the direct laryngoscope will usually reduce the infiltrations sufficiently to provide a free airway. Should the pulmonary and laryngeal tuberculosis be fortunately cured, leaving, however, a cicatricial stenosis of the larynx, decannulation may be accomplished by laryngostomy. _Lues_.--Active and persistent antiluetic medication must precede and accompany any local treatment of luetic laryngeal stenosis. Prolonged stretching with oversized intubation tubes following excision or cauterization may sometimes be successful, but laryngostomy is usually required to combat the vicious contraction of luetic cicatrices. _Scleroma_ is rarely encountered in America. Radiotherapy has been advocated and good results have been reported from the intravenous injection of salvarsan. Radium may be tried, and its application is readily made through the direct laryngoscope. _Diphtheria_.--Chronic postdiphtheritic stenosis may be of the panic, spasmodic or, rarely, the paralytic types; but more often it is of either the hypertrophic or cicatricial forms. Only too frequently the stenosis should be called posttracheotomic rather than postdiphtheritic, since decannulation after the subsidence of the acute stenosis would have been easy had it not been for the sequelae of the faulty tracheotomy. Prolonged intubation may induce either a supraglottic or subglottic tissue hyperplasia. _The supraglottic type_ consists in an edematous thickening around the base of the epiglottis, sometimes involving also the glossoepiglottic folds and the ventricular bands. An improperly shaped or fitted tube is the usual cause of this condition, and a change to a correct form of intubation tube may be all that is required. Excessive polypoid tissue hypertrophy should be excised. The less redundant cases subside under galvanocaustic treatment, which may be preceded by tracheotomy and extubation, or the intubation tube may be replaced after the application of the cautery. The former method is preferable since the patient is far safer with a tracheotomic cannula and, further, the constant irritation of the intubation tube is avoided. _Subglottic hypertrophic stenosis_ consists in symmetrical turbinal-like swellings encroaching on the lumen from either side. Cautious galvanocauterant treatment accurately applied by the direct method will practically always cure this condition. Preliminary tracheotomy is required in those cases in which it has not already been done, and in the cases in which a high tracheotomy has been done, a low tracheotomy must be the first step in the cure. Cicatricial types of postdiphtheritic stenosis may be seen as webs, annular cicatrices of funnel shape, or masses of fibrous tissue causing fixation of the arytenoids as well as encroachment on the glottic lumen. (See color plates.)