Buffon's Natural History, Volume 02 (of 10): Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Mineral, &c. &cBuffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de
History
Buffon's Natural History, Volume 02 (of 10): Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Mineral, &c. &c
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de
Natural history
By the use of the microscope, a great number of new species of animals
have been discovered: but singular as it may appear, we have not
found more than one or two new species of plants by the help of this
instrument. The small moss is, perhaps, the only microscopical plant
spoken of; and we might, therefore, imagine that nature refused to
produce very small plants, while she formed animalcules with profusion;
but we might deceive ourselves by adopting this opinion without
examination, and our error might arise from plants, in fact, resembling
each other more than animals; so that this moldiness, which we only
take for a very minute moss, may possibly be a kind of forest or
garden, filled with abundance of various plants, although we are unable
to mark the difference.
By comparing the size of animals and plants there will be found a great
inequality, for the distance is much greater between the size of a
whale and one of these microscope animals, than between the highest oak
and the moss we are now speaking of. Although bulk be only a relative
attribute, it may, nevertheless, be useful to inspect into the extreme
boundaries nature has allotted to her productions. In bigness animals
and plants seem to have a near equality; a large whale and a large tree
forms a volume not very different; whereas, among the small it has been
asserted there are animals so very minute that a million of them united
together, would not equal, in size, the smallest moss-plant ever seen.
The most general and most sensible difference between animals and
vegetables is that of figure, for the form of animals, although
infinitely varied, has not any resemblance to that of plants; and
although the polypus will, like plants, reproduce by cutting, and may
be regarded as the link between the animal and vegetable kingdoms,
not only by the mode of their reproduction but also by their external
form, nevertheless the figure of the animal is so different from the
external form of a plant that it is difficult to be deceived therein.
Some animals form things resembling plants or flowers, but plants never
produce any thing like an animal; and those admirable insects which
produce and form the coral, would not have been taken for flowers if
coral had not been regarded as a plant. Thus the errors wherein we
might fall, by comparing plants with animals, will never have any
influence but on a few objects which compose the link between both, and
the more observations we shall make the more we shall be convinced that
the Creator has not placed a fixed line between animals and vegetables;
that these two species of organized beings have many more common
properties than real differences; that the production of an animal does
not require of nature more, and possibly, less exertion than that of
a vegetable; that in general the production of organized beings does
not require exertion, and that, in short, the living animated nature,
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