The orang-outang _differs_ from the human species more than from apes and monkey: 1. The thumb is proportionally smaller than that of man, but larger than that of the apes. 2. The palm of the hand is longer and narrower. 3. The toes approach those of the ape, by their length. 4. As he does by having the large toe of the foot placed at an inch distance from the next one, and which makes him rather be considered as a four-handed animal than a quadruped. 5. His thighs are shorter than those of man; and 6. His arms are longer. 7. The testicles are not pendulous. 8. The epiloon is larger. 9. The gall-bladder is longer. 10. The kidneys are rounder, and the ureters are also different from man. 11. The bladder is longer. 12. He has no _frænum_ to the prepuce. 13. The bone in the orbit of the eye is sunk deeper. 14. He has not the two cavities below the _tella turica_. 15. The mastoid and styloid processes are extremely small. 16. The bones of the nose are flat. 17. The vertebræ of the neck are short, flat before, and their spinal apophyses are not forked. 18. He has no spinal apophyses in the first vertebræ of the neck. 19. He has thirteen ribs on each side. 20. The _ossa ilia_ are longer, narrower, and less concave than in man. 21. He also wants the following muscles, which are found in man: the _occipitales_, _frontales_, _dilitatories alarum nasi seu elevotores labij superioris_, _interspinales calli glutæi minimi extensor digitorum pedis brevis et transversalis pedis_. 22. The following muscles are sometimes found in man, but not in the orang-outang, the _pyramidales_, _caro musculosa quadrata_, the long tendon and the fleshy body of the _palmaris_, the _attolens_, and _retrobans oriculam_. 23. The _elevator_ muscles of the claricles of the orang-outang are like those of the ape, and different from man; as are also 24. The muscles called, _longus colli_, _pectoralis_, _latissimus dorsi_, _glutæus maximus et medius_, _psoas magnus et parvus_, _iliacus_, _internus_, _et gasteronamius internus_. And 25. He differs from man in the figure of the _deltoides_, _pronator_, _radi teres_, _et extensor pollicis brevii_.--Tyson's Anat. of the Orang-Outang.] 1. Tyson gives, as a particular character of man and the orang-outang, the having the hair on their shoulders inclined downward, and that on the arms upwards. It is true that most quadrupeds have their hair directed downwards, or backwards, but this is not without some exceptions. The sloth and the smallest species of ant-eater have the hair on their anterior parts inclined backward, and that on the crupper and loins directed forwards; therefore this character carries no great weight in comparing the orang-outang with man.