The sharp winter frosts produce, without doubt, many other injuries to trees, and we have remarked many defects, which we might attribute to them with great probability; but, as we have not been able to verify the fact, we shall pass on to the effects of the advantages and disadvantages of different expositions with respect to frost; for this question is too interesting to agriculture not to attempt its elucidation, especially as various authors have supported an opposition of sentiment more capable of breeding doubts than increasing our knowledge. Some have insisted that the frost is felt more strongly at the northern exposition, while others assert it is more sensible to the south or west, and all these opinions are founded on a single observation. We nevertheless perceive what has caused this diversity of opinion, and we are therefore enabled to reconcile them. But, before we relate the observations and experiments which have led us thereto, it is but just we should give a more exact idea of the question. It is not doubted that the greatest cold proceeds from the north, for that is in the shade of the sun, which alone, in sharp frosts, tempers the rigour of the cold; besides, a situation to the north, is exposed to the north-east, and north-west winds, which are clearly the most intense, whether we judge from the effects which those winds produce, or from the liquor of the thermometers, whose decision is much more certain. It may also be observed along the espaliers, that the earth is often frozen and hardened all the day towards the north, while it may be worked upon towards the south. Moreover when a strong frost succeeds in the night, it is evident, that it must be much colder in the part where it is already formed, than in that where the earth is warmed by the sun; this is also the reason why, even in hot countries, we find snow in the northern exposition, on the back of lofty mountains: besides, the liquor of the thermometer is always lower at the northern exposition, than in that of the south; therefore, it is incontestible, that it is colder there, and freezes stronger.