[58] P. G. Hamerton. "The Mount," p. 171. [59] "Autun et ses Monuments," pp. 422-438. [60] "Autun et ses Monuments," pp. 52-54. [61] In 1863 it was removed for some years to the Musée Lapidaire. [62] The Rue des Bancs was so called from the butchers' benches which once lined it. "Autun et ses Monuments," p. 379. [63] "Crupellarios vacant, inferendis sitibus inhabilis, accipiendis impenetrabilis."--Taciti Aun: lib. iii., c. 43, quoted "Autun et ses Monuments," p. 38 [64] Hamerton. "The Mount," p. 184. [65] "Autun et ses Monuments," p. 332. [66] Dr. Guyton. "Mes Souvenirs de Soixante Ans pour servir à l'Histoire d'Autun," quoted in "Autun et ses Monuments," p. 354. [67] "Autun et ses Monuments," pp. 354-357. [Illustration: Heading, chapter V; Cluny Abbey and Gateway, as they were] CHAPTER V THE MOTHER ABBEY The loitering train, that, climbing, winds among the vine-clad slopes of the Mâconnais, gave us our first glimpse of the vendangeurs gathering the last of a scanty crop. Those blue shirts, moving through the bronze-clad bushes, were our first intimation that the Saône-et-Loire had escaped the utter ruin that the winds and rains of a wintry summer had wrought among the vines of the Côte d'Or. But this incident did not impress us as it might have done at another time or in another place. Our thoughts were not with the wine-harvest; they were ahead, busy with the memories the name of Cluny evokes. To one who cares for what was best in the middle ages, no place in France, no place in Europe, unless, perhaps, it be Citeaux, can exercise an equal charm. But, as we shall see, though Citeaux rivalled, and ultimately eclipsed Cluny in power, and, through the influence of St. Bernard, outshone her, not in material splendour, but by the dazzling whiteness of her purity, the historic interest of the site of the Cistercian house, there, by the deserted woods and wind-ruffled pools of the eastern plain, could not survive, in the minds of many, the destruction of the ancient monastery. Cluny, the Mother Abbey of Europe, the school of popes, holds first place, by right of birth, by right of what she was, and is. For Cluny still stands. The little town nestling upon the lower slopes of the valley, through which the Grosne winds between her poplars, is not merely built upon the site of the Abbey. It is the Abbey. From the moment, when, on the way from the station, you see the ancient towers raising, one by one, their hoary heads above the roofs, as they have raised her past from oblivion, till, having climbed the cobble-stoned street that winds upwards through the town, you look down through the ruined gateway that once gave passage to kings and abbots, from every street corner, from every church, and dwelling-house, Cluny calls to you out of the past.