Burial Mounds of the Northern Sections of the United StatesThomas, Cyrus
History
Burial Mounds of the Northern Sections of the United States
Thomas, Cyrus
Indians of North America -- Funeral customs and rites; Mounds -- United States; Wyandot Indians
About 5 feet below the top we came upon large quantities of
charcoal, especially on the western side. Underneath the
charcoal was found a skeleton with the head to the east. The
body had evidently been enclosed in some wooden structure.
First there was a platform of wood placed upon the ground, on
the original level of the plain. On this wooden floor timbers
or logs were placed longitudinally, and over these timbers
there were laid other pieces of wood, forming an enclosed box
or coffin. A part of this wood was only charred, the rest was
burnt to ashes. The middle part of the body was in the hottest
fire and many of the vertebræ, ribs, and other bones were burnt
to a black cinder, and at this point the enclosing timbers were
burnt to ashes. The timbers enclosing the lower extremities
were only charred.
I am led to think that before any fire was kindled a layer of
dirt was thrown over the wooden structure, making a sort of
burial. On this dirt a fire was built, but by some misplacement
of the dirt the fire reached the timbers below, and at such
points as the air could penetrate there was an active
combustion, but at others, where the dirt still remained, there
was only a smothered fire, like that in a charcoal pit. It is
difficult to explain the existence of the charred timbers in
any other way. There must have been other fires than that
immediately around and above the body, and many of them,
because on one side of the mound the clay is burned even to the
top of the mound. In one place, 3 feet above the body, the clay
is vitrified.
It is possible that fires were built at different levels, open
fires, and that most of the ashes were blown away by the winds
which often sweep over the plain. I have stated that there was
first laid down a sort of floor of wood, on which the body was
placed. On the same floor were placed about 500 copper beads,
forming a line almost around the body.
In addition to these copper beads a number of shell beads, and also a
hollow copper implement in the shape of a caulker's chisel, were found.
The copper implement and beads were made of thin sheet-copper which,
Professor Andrews says, had been "hammered out into so smooth and even a
sheet that no traces of the hammer were visible. It would be taken
indeed for rolled sheet copper." Some of the bones were pretty well
preserved.
The professor closes his description with the remark: "The skeleton
undoubtedly belonged to a veritable mound-builder." In this he is
certainly correct, as the mode of burial in this case agrees so exactly
with that observed by Squier and Davis in the larger mounds opened by
them as to leave no doubt that both are to be attributed to one people,
although the mound described by Professor Andrews is probably of much
more recent date than those mentioned by Squier and Davis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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