During the reign of Jehoiakim Jerusalem was visited by Nebuchadnezzar, with the Babylonian army lately victorious over the Egyptians at Carchemish, and it is thought that there must have been a siege, but we have no account of it. Jehoiakim was succeeded by his son Jehoiachin, and hardly had his short reign begun before the terrible army of Babylon reappeared before the city, again commanded by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings xxiv). Jehoiachin surrendered, and the city was pillaged. Jehoiachin being carried off to Babylon, his uncle Zedekiah was made king; but he was imprudent enough to seek the help of Pharaoh Hophra of Egypt, and upon this Nebuchadnezzar marched to Jerusalem again and began a regular siege. The walls and houses were battered by rams, and missiles were discharged into the town. After some delays a breach was made in the north wall, and the city suffered all the horrors of assault and sack. Zedekiah had stolen out of the city on the south side, but was pursued and overtaken. The Babylonians burnt the Temple, the palace, and other public buildings, and threw down the city walls. B.C. 577. When Nehemiah obtained leave to return and rebuild the city of his fathers he found heaps of disordered rubbish everywhere on the ground. By his amazing zeal and energy he stirred up the people to work; and in due time all the gates and walls were set up, on the old foundations. B.C. 457. * * * * * There is no need for us to pursue the history in detail. Further stormy periods succeed. B.C. Ptolemy, son of Lagus takes Jerusalem, 305. Antiochus the Great takes the city, 219. Antiochus Epiphanes takes the city without siege, 170. Antiochus Eupator takes the city, 163. Jonathan builds a new wall, 143. Simon takes the Akra citadel, 139. Antiochus Sidetes besieges Jerusalem, 134. Aretas, the Arab, besieges the city, 65. Pompey takes the city, 63. Antipater rebuilds the walls, 58. Herod and Sosius take Jerusalem, 37.