The Small Pearl-bordered, our first example, is one of the lesser Fritillaries, and is shown in Plate II (fig. 5). The arrangement of the black markings on the upper surface will be readily made out from the coloured plate, but the pattern of the under side will require a little special notice, for it is here, as with the other Fritillaries, that we find the chief marks by which we identify the species. On this side (fig. 67) the fore wings are light orange brown, with a patch of darker brown near the tips, and spotted with a dull black. The hind wings have the light brown displaced by a very warm chestnut tint, some yellow, and bright silvery spots. [Illustration: FIG. 67.--THE SMALL PEARL-BORDERED FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE.] Seven silvery spots of triangular form border the hind margin. A large one occupies the centre of the wing, and ten others are somewhat irregularly scattered over other parts of the wing--five between the central spot and the hind margin, and five between it and the costa. All the spots on these wings, whether yellow, chestnut, or silver, are bordered by a narrow black line. _Selene_ is not a very abundant butterfly, but is widely distributed in England, and is also found in parts of Scotland. Its favourite resorts are clearings in woods, especially those of Kent and other southern counties. It appears in May and June, in which latter month it deposits its eggs on the dog violet (_Viola canina_). The caterpillar is not fully grown at the end of the summer, and hybernates during the winter among the roots of its food plant. In the following spring it emerges again, and feeds till May, when it changes to the chrysalis on a stem. It is less than an inch long when fully grown, and is of a dark-brown colour. Six rows of hairy spines are arranged longitudinally on its body. The chrysalis is greyish brown, and has a number of very short projections corresponding with the spines of the caterpillar. _The Pearl-bordered Fritillary_ (_Argynnis Euphrosyne_) There is very little difference in the size of this and that of the last species, but _Euphrosyne_ (Plate II, fig. 6) is generally a trifle larger. The two butterflies are also very similar in appearance; indeed, they are so much alike on the upper side that it is impossible to decide on the name of either without an examination of the under surface. _Euphrosyne_ has a border of seven triangular silver spots on each hind wing, exactly corresponding with those of _Selene_. It has also the large central spot of silver. But, beside these, there is _only one_ other, and that is situated in the basal angle. Thus there are only nine silvery or pearly spots on each hind wing of _Euphrosyne_, while there are seventeen on _Selene_. This will form a ready means of distinguishing between the two species. [Illustration: FIG. 68.--THE PEARL-BORDERED FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE.]