[Illustration: FIG. 99.--THE CATERPILLAR OF EUPHORBIAE.] The caterpillar is black, with a large number of small yellowish white dots, and two rows of spots of the same colour on each side. There is also a red line on each side, and another down the middle of the back. The horn is rough and red with a black tip. It feeds during August and September. _The Small Elephant Hawk_ (_Chaerocampa Porcellus_) This pretty insect is one of the smallest of our hawk moths. It is widely distributed, being met with in many parts of England and in the south of Scotland. It flies in June. The fore wings are of a dull yellow colour, with rosy-red hind margins, and a broad border of the same tint on the costal margin. The hind wings have also a rosy-red hind margin, and are smoky black along the costae, and yellow in the anal angle. The body is coloured with bright rose-red, tinged with olive on the foremost and hindmost segments. The popular name of this and the following species has been applied because of the power which the caterpillar has of extending and retracting its front segments, a peculiarity which has given the idea of a semblance to the elephant's proboscis. The colour of the caterpillar is light-brown or green, mottled with dark-brown, dark-green, or black. It has a conspicuous eye-like spot on each side of the fifth and sixth segments, and has no horn. [Illustration: FIG. 100.--THE SMALL ELEPHANT HAWK MOTH.] This larva may be found in July and August, feeding on species of bedstraw (_Galium verum_, _G. Mollugo_, and _G. palustre_), willow herb (_Epilobium hirsutum_), or the purple loosestrife (_Lythrum Salicaria_). _The Large Elephant_ (_Chaerocampa Elpenor_) This species (Plate IX, fig. 3) is very similar to the last in form and markings; but is, as its name implies, larger. The caterpillar, too, is very like that of the last species, but may be distinguished from it by the possession of a short black horn, tipped with white, on the 'tail.' Its colour is green or brown, mottled and spotted with black. The eye-like spots on its fifth and sixth segments are black, and each contains a brown spot surrounded by a white line. Its chief food plants are the hairy willow herb (_Epilobium hirsutum_), three species of bedstraw (_Galium verum_, _G. Mollugo_ and _G. palustre_), the purple loosestrife (_Lythrum Salicaria_), and the enchanter's nightshade (_Circaea lutetiana_). It will also feed on the vine and the apple in confinement. _The Eyed Hawk_ (_Smerinthus Ocellatus_) Our next genus (_Smerinthus_) contains three well-known moths, all of which have the hind margin of the fore wings angulated or indented. The first is the Eyed Hawk, represented in fig. 4 of Plate IX and named after the beautiful and conspicuous eye-like spot near the anal angle of each hind wing.