The most angular of the Angle-wings are grouped in the genus Polygonia. They are characterized by having the outer margin of the front wings projecting in two places in a way to give an angular effect, and by having the hind or inner margin distinctly excised toward the outer end, so that this margin is curved rather than straight. _Violet-tip_ (_Polygonia interrogationis_ or _Grapta interrogationis_). Expanse 2 1/2 inches. Under surface of each hind wing marked by a silvery semicolon, made up of a dot and a crescent. _Hop Merchant_ (_Polygonia comma_ or _Grapta comma_). Expanse 2 inches. A white comma with expanded tips on lower surface of each hind wing. Lower surface of all the wings mottled with brown. _Green Comma_ (_Polygonia faunus_ or _Grapta faunus_). Expanse 2 inches. A white comma with expanded tips on lower surface of each hind wing. The lower surface of all the wings more or less mottled with green toward the margins. _Gray Comma_ (_Polygonia progne_ or _Grapta progne_). Expanse 2 inches. A white comma with tips narrowed rather than expanded on lower surface of each hind wing. _II. The Vanessids_ Our beautiful species of the genus Vanessa may be known by the long scales that make up the fringe on the wing margins, in alternate groups of black and white. There are also several white spots on the upper surface of the outer angle of each front wing. _Red Admiral_ (_Vanessa atalanta_, _Pyrameis atalanta_ or _Cynthia atalanta_). Expanse 2 inches. Upper surface of front wings blackish, marked with white spots on outer angle and a broad orange stripe across the middle. _Painted Beauty_ (_Vanessa huntera_, _Pyrameis huntera_ or _Cynthia huntera_). Expanse 2 1/2 inches. Upper surface orange-brown with black, white, and blue markings. Lower surface of each hind wing with two large eye-spots, each extending across two veins. _Painted Lady_ or _Cosmopolite_ (_Vanessa cardui_, _Pyrameis cardui_ or _Cynthia cardui_). Expanse 2 1/2 inches. Easily distinguished from the Painted Beauty by the four or more small eye-spots on the lower surface of each hind wing, each eye-spot being included between two veins. _III. Other Angle-wings_ The other common Angle-wings are readily distinguished by the following characters: _Mourning-cloak_ (_Euvanessa antiopa_ or _Vanessa antiopa_). Expanse 3 1/2 inches. Easily known by the nearly black wings with creamy white borders. _American Tortoise-shell_ (_Aglais milberti_ or _Vanessa milberti_). Expanse 1 1/2 inches. One of the smallest of the Angle-wings. Easily known by its small size and the broad orange band extending across the upper surface of all the wings just beyond the middle. Under surface dark mottled gray without distinct white markings. _Compton Tortoise_ (_Eugonia j-album_, _Vanessa j-album_ or _Grapta j-album_). Expanse 3 inches. Best known by the straight line of the inner margin of the front wings and the white j on the under side of each hind wing.