"It is sometimes done, and usually results in nothing but litigation. You see for yourself how absurd it would be to treat a paper drawn or executed after a will was made as part of it, for that would render the requirements of the statute nugatory." "But suppose the letter was already in existence or was written at the same time as the will,--wouldn't that make a difference?" hesitated Payson. "Not a bit! Not one bit!" chirped Tutt. "The law is settled that such a paper writing can be given effect only under certain very special conditions and only to a limited extent. Anyhow that question doesn't arise here." "Why not?" queried the residuary legatee. "How do you know this letter wasn't written and placed inside the will when it was made?--And that my father supposed that of course it would be given effect?" "In that case why shouldn't he have incorporated the legacy in the will?" countered Tutt sharply. "He--er--may not have wished Mr. Tutt to know about it," murmured Payson, dropping his eyes. "Oh,--hardly!" protested Tutt. "We can be morally certain that this letter was written and placed with the will that time your father came in here and asked to be allowed to see it, seven odd years ago. Mr. Tutt would have noticed it if your father had placed it with the will in the first instance and would have warned him that nothing of the sort could possibly be effective." "But," insisted Payson, "assuming for argument's sake that this letter was in fact written at the time the will was originally executed, what is the reason the law won't recognize it as a valid bequest?" Tutt smiled and fumbled in an open box for another cigarette. "My dear sir," he replied, "no paper could possibly be treated as part of a will--even if extant at the time the will was executed--unless distinctly referred to in the will itself. In a word, there must be a clear and unmistakable intention on the part of the testator to attempt to incorporate the extraneous paper by reference. Now, here, there is no reference to the paper in the will at all." "That is true!" admitted Payson. "But--"