By way of Cape Horn : $b four months in a Yankee clipperStevenson, Paul Eve
History
By way of Cape Horn : $b four months in a Yankee clipper
Stevenson, Paul Eve
Hosea Higgins (Ship); Seafaring life; Voyages to the Pacific coast
The allotment system which obtains now when sailors are about to go to
sea is a most iniquitous arrangement. The law says that “a sailor may
stipulate in his shipping agreement for the allotment of any portion
of his wages which he may earn to his wife, mother, or other relative,
or to an original creditor in liquidation of any just debt for board
or clothing which he may have contracted prior to an engagement.”
This law was evidently framed to the advantage of the sailor, but in
its ambiguity lies its detriment to seamen. Of course, the “original
creditor” is the crimp (which was obviously not what the law intended),
who has turned the words “may stipulate” into “must stipulate.” When
a ship-master makes known to a crimp that he wants a crew, the crimp
rounds up the required number of men, marches them to the shipping
commissioner’s, where they sign the articles and are paid usually two
months’ advance wages (which is not lawful until it is turned into an
“allotment”). This money, forty dollars in round numbers, is given to
the crimp (“the original creditor”), who then extracts from the sum an
amount three or four times in excess of what the man is really indebted
to him, arranges for the blood-money, and hands the rest (if any money
remains) to the victim. Frequently all of his advance is necessary to
liquidate this “just debt,” and the man goes to sea without a cent.
On the voyage he gets in debt to the ship for the slop-chest account,
clothing, oil-skins, boots, tobacco, etc., and at the end of the
voyage, if it lasts four months, generally not more than a month’s
wages are due him. This is secured by the crimp at the destination, and
the old story of robbery and persecution is repeated. No foreign nation
that I know of, at least none of the highest rank, allows crimping. The
government has charge of the procuring of crews, and any infringement
or interference by an outsider is a criminal offence, and, more than
that, it is always punished as such. The United States government has
never attempted to stamp out the crimps, and they, in turn, have never
experienced any difficulty in prosecuting their lawless and miserable
business.
Every time that a sailor signs articles any one or all of the following
laws are violated, which the commissioner placidly disregards, and of
which other government officials seem to be in complete ignorance:
1st. The payment of advance prohibited under penalty, fine, and
imprisonment. 23 St. at L., page 55, Section 10, Dingley act, June 26,
1884; pages 66, 67 of U. S. Navigation Laws, also subdivision, Section
4522, U. S. R. S.
2d. Misuse of allotment notes. See 24 St. at L., page 80, Section 3,
act June 19, 1886, and page 67, U. S. Navigation Laws.
3d. Payment of blood-money strictly forbidden. Section 4609, U. S. R. S.
4th. Withholding wages four or five days to bring seamen into the power
of crimps. Section 4529, U. S. R. S.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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