building are framed in marble jambs and lintels, adorned in most cases with a running ornament and crosses. In the case of the doors of the exonarthex a red marble, _brèche rouge_, is employed, as in the exonarthex of the Pantokrator, another erection of the Comnenian period. On the exterior the building is much damaged, but nevertheless preserves traces of considerable elaboration. The walls are of brick, intermixed with courses of stone, and on the three sides of the central apse there are remains of patterned brickwork. On the buttresses to the southern wall are roundels with radiating voussoirs in stone and brick, and if one may judge from the fact that the string-course does not fit the face of the wall, parts of the exterior of the church were incrusted with marble. The round-headed windows of the dome cut into its cornice. Under the church is a cistern[355] which Bondelmontius deemed worthy of mention.[356] Until some twenty years ago extensive substructures were visible on the north-east of the church, affording homes for poor Greek families.[357] They were probably the foundations of the lofty monastery buildings whose windows commanded the magnificent view of the Golden Horn that doubtless suggested the epithet Pantepoptes, under which the Saviour was worshipped in this sanctuary. [Illustration: PLATE LVIII. S. SAVIOUR PANTEPOPTES. EXTERIOR DECORATION IN BRICK, ON SOUTH SIDE.] [Illustration: S. MARY PAMMAKARISTOS. BRACKET AT THE SOUTH-EAST ANGLE OF THE EXTERIOR WALL OF THE PARECCLESION.] _To face page 214._ S. Saviour Pantepoptes is the most carefully built of the later churches of Constantinople. The little irregularities of setting out so common in the other churches of the city are here almost entirely absent. This accuracy of building, the carving of the string-courses, and the remains of marble decoration both within and on the exterior, prove exceptional care. For details see Figs. 68, 72, 75. [Illustration: FIG. 73.] [Illustration: FIG. 74.] [347] Patr. Constantius, pp. 70-80. [348] Nicet. Chon. p. 752. [349] Glycas, p. 622. [350] _Ibid._ For the career of this distinguished woman, see Diehl, _Figures byzantines_. [351] Nicet. Chon. pp. 315-16; Pachym. i. pp. 314-15, ii. p. 185. [352] Villehardouin, _La Conquête de C.P._ pp. 141-44; _Chroniques gréco-romaines_, pp. 96, 97. [353] Riant, _Exuviae sacrae_, p. 178. [354] Paspates, p. 314. [355] _Die byzantinischen Wasserbehälter von K.P._, von Dr. P. Forcheimer und Dr. J. Strzygowski, pp. 106-7. [356] _Librum insularum Archipelagi_, 65. [357] Paspates, p. 314. CHAPTER XV THE CHURCH OF S. SAVIOUR PANTOKRATOR, ZEÏREK KILISSI JAMISSI